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Moroccan extra virgin argan oil authentication by using ultraviolet–visible and front face fluorescence spectroscopies combined with different descriptive and predictive chemometric tools

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Abstract

This study investigates the feasibility of using front face fluorescence (FFFS) and ultraviolet–visible (UV–visible) spectroscopies to authenticate 100 extra virgin argan oil (EVAO) samples from five Moroccan regions (Chtouka, Essaouira, Sidi Ifni, Taroudant, and Tiznit). Additionally, the study aims to identify and predict the percentage of adulteration in pure EVAO samples from these regions using less expensive vegetable oils (such as peanut, walnut, hazelnut, sunflower, grape, rapeseed, sesame, olive, and a mixture of these oils) at varying levels (1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50%). By applying principal component analysis and factorial discriminant analysis on emission spectra acquired after excitation wavelengths set at 430 nm, 290 nm, and 270 nm, a perfect discrimination of EVAO samples based on their geographic origin was observed, achieving 100% correct classification; while UV–visible spectra data achieved 98.67% correct classification. Regarding the prediction of purity level of EVAO, partial least square regression applied to FFFS and UV–visible spectra data yielded an excellent prediction of adulteration level, with R2 values of 0.99 for both spectral technics.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author.

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Acknowledgements

Ms. EL Haddad is grateful to Erasmus+MIC (Grant no. 1) for its financial support of her Ph.D. during her stay at Artois University.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Laboratory, University of Mohammed V, 8007, Rabat, Morocco

    Youssra El Haddad, Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf & Bouchra Belkadi

  2. Univ. Artois, Univ. Lille, Univ. Littoral Côte d’Opale, Univ. Picardie Jules Verne, Univ. de Liège, INRAE, Junia, UMR-T 1158, BioEcoAgro, 62300, Lens, France

    Romdhane Karoui

  3. ADRIANOR, 62217, Tilloy Les Mofflaines, France

    Romdhane Karoui

  4. Applied Organic Chemistry Laboratory, University of Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah, 30000, Fez, Morocco

    Hicham Zaroual

  5. Sustainable AgriFoodtech Innovation and Research (SAFIR), Arras, France

    Hicham Zaroual

Authors
  1. Youssra El Haddad
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  2. Abdelkarim Filali-Maltouf
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  3. Bouchra Belkadi
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  4. Romdhane Karoui
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  5. Hicham Zaroual
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Correspondence to Hicham Zaroual.

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El Haddad, Y., Filali-Maltouf, A., Belkadi, B. et al. Moroccan extra virgin argan oil authentication by using ultraviolet–visible and front face fluorescence spectroscopies combined with different descriptive and predictive chemometric tools. Eur Food Res Technol 249, 3247–3259 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-023-04364-0

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