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Inoculation of cv. Arbequina olives with fungi isolated from leaves and its effect on the extracted oils’ stability and health-related composition

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Abstract

Cv. Arbequina fruits were inoculated during one day with suspensions of Aureobasidium pullulans, Epicoccum nigrum or both species (104 spores/g olives), isolated from olive leaves, aiming to increase the phenolic content of the olive oils. Oils were extracted from non-inoculated (control) and inoculated olives, being evaluated for their oxidative stability, and phenolic composition. Compared to the control oils, those extracted from inoculated olives showed higher oxidative stability (+ 16–29%), phenolic acids contents (up to + 37%), phenolic alcohols (up to + 101%), flavonoids (up to + 154%) and secoiridoid derivatives (up to + 12%). These positive effects could be attributed to the hydrolytic activity of enzymes secreted by the studied fungi on the fruit cellular membranes and extracted phenolics, increasing the extractability and, consequently, altering the phenolic concentration. Considering the two fungi species, E. nigrum inoculation had a more significant positive impact on the contents of tyrosol, oleuropein, and ligstroside derivatives, showing an inhibition effect regarding the oleacein formation. Contrary, A. pullulans inoculation mainly resulted into an accentuated increase of luteolin and oleacein contents (3 and 12-times higher compared with control oils, respectively). Overall, no enhanced positive synergetic effect could be attributed to the inoculation with a suspension containing both fungi. The significant changes observed on the phenolic contents, due to the fungal inoculation, allowed the successful discrimination of the four types of extracted oils using an electronic tongue. This device acts as an artificial taste device allowing anticipating an impact at the oils’ basic taste sensations due to the fungi inoculation.

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Funding

The authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES (PIDDAC) to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020 and UIDP/00690/2020), CEB (UIDB/04469/2020), REQUIMTE-LAQV (UIDB/50006/2020) units and SusTEC (LA/P/0007/2020); to Project “GreenHealth—Digital strategies in biological assets to improve well-being and promote green health” (Norte-01–0145-FEDER-000042) and to Project AgriFood XXI (NORTE-01–0145-FEDER-000041), funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the scope of Norte2020 ‐ Programa Operacional Regional do Norte. Ítala M.G. Marx acknowledges the Ph.D. grant (SFRH/BD/137283/2018) provided by FCT. Nuno Rodrigues thanks to National funding by FCT- Foundation for Science and Technology, P.I., through the institutional scientific employment program-contract.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal

    Ítala M. G. Marx, Paula Baptista, Nuno Rodrigues, José A. Pereira & António M. Peres

  2. LAQV/REQUIMTE, Laboratory of Bromatology and Hydrology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

    Ítala M. G. Marx, Susana Casal & Rebeca Cruz

  3. Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253, Bragança, Portugal

    Ítala M. G. Marx, Paula Baptista, Nuno Rodrigues, José A. Pereira & António M. Peres

  4. Instituto Politécnico de Coimbra, ISEC, DEQB, Rua Pedro Nunes, Quinta da Nora, 3030-199, Coimbra, Portugal

    Ana C. A. Veloso

  5. CEB—Centre of Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal

    Ana C. A. Veloso

  6. LABBELS—Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal

    Ana C. A. Veloso

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  1. Ítala M. G. Marx
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  2. Paula Baptista
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  3. Susana Casal
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  6. Ana C. A. Veloso
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  8. António M. Peres
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Contributions

Conceptualization: PB, JAP, AMP. Methodology: PB, SC, NR. Formal analysis and investigation: ÍMGM, PB, RC, NR, ACAV, AMP. Writing—original draft preparation: ÍMGM, AMP. Writing—review and editing. ÍMGM, PB, RC, NR, ACAV, SC, JAP, AMP. Funding acquisition: PB, SC, JAP, AMP. Resources: SC, JAP, AMP. Supervision: SC, JAP, AMP.

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Correspondence to António M. Peres.

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Marx, Í.M.G., Baptista, P., Casal, S. et al. Inoculation of cv. Arbequina olives with fungi isolated from leaves and its effect on the extracted oils’ stability and health-related composition. Eur Food Res Technol 248, 2799–2808 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-022-04090-z

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