Abstract
Identifying the geographical origin of tea has become imperative due to increased consumer awareness and turbulence in the tea market. In this study, the potential of stable isotope tracer technique and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry (GC-IMS) for the differentiation of Tieguanyin (TGY) and Dahongpao (DHP) oolong tea, as well as DHP samples from three smaller parcels, was explored and compared. Both the methods are based on stable isotope signatures and GC–IMS clearly differentiated the TGY and DHP oolong tea, then the k-NN model was cross validated with an accuracy of 95.2% and 97.8%, respectively. GC–IMS was sensitive enough to distinguish different DHP samples with an acceptable accuracy of 86.7%, whereas stable isotope signatures showed an ineffective separation. In addition, we identify putative markers specific for the different areas. Finally, we revealed a significant correlation between stable isotope ratio and volatile compounds, although the underlying mechanism is still unclear.
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Abbreviations
- GC:
-
Gas chromatography
- IMS:
-
Ion mobility spectrometry
- PGI:
-
Protected geographical indication
- EA–IRMS:
-
Element analyzer–isotope ratio mass spectrometry
- VPDB:
-
Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite
- EA:
-
Elemental analyzer
- MS:
-
Mass spectrometer
- VSMOW:
-
Vienna standard mean ocean water
- MCC:
-
Multicapillary column
- PCA:
-
Principal components analysis
- OPLS-DA:
-
Orthogonal projection on latent structure-discriminant analysis
- TGY:
-
Tieguanyin oolong tea
- DHP:
-
Dahongpao oolong tea
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Acknowledgements
This work was financially supported by the Key Research and Development Projects of Anhui Province (Grant No. 1804a07020107), Startup Foundation for Advanced Talents of Anhui Agricultural University (yj2016-16), Key Projects of State Key Laboratory of Tea Plant Biology and Utilization (2016ZR022). The author would like to thank postgraduate student Rui Zhang for k-NN analysis.
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Jin, J., Zhao, M., Zhang, N. et al. Stable isotope signatures versus gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry to determine the geographical origin of Fujian Oolong tea (Camellia sinensis) samples. Eur Food Res Technol 246, 955–964 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03469-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00217-020-03469-0