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Platinum and palladium nanoparticles on boron-doped diamond for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide: a comparison study

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Abstract

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) plays a role in many facets — a household item, an important industrial chemical, a biomarker in vivo, and several others. For this reason, its measurement and quantification in a variety of media are important. While spectroscopic detection is primarily used for H2O2, electrochemical methods offer advantages in versatility, cost, and sensitivity. In this work, we investigate a 2-step surface metal nanoparticle (NP) modification for platinum (Pt) and palladium (Pd) on boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for the detection of H2O2. Several parameters such as the metal salt concentration and electrodeposition charge in the 2-step modification were varied to find an optimum. Using cyclic voltammetry (CV), the BDD-PdNP electrode types were found to yield a sharper, more well-resolved H2O2 oxidation peak compared to the BDD-PtNP electrodes. Both metal NP electrode types significantly improved the response compared to the bare BDD electrode; a 150–200× improvement in sensitivity was observed across all modified electrode types. Calibration experiments were completed at both low and high concentration ranges in stagnant and flow-based solutions. The lowest limit of detection (LOD) obtained was 50 nM (5E-08 M) on a BDD-PdNP electrode modified with 1.0 mM PdCl2 to 5.0 mC in the wet chemical seeding and electrodeposition steps. 0.25 mM PdCl2 to 3.23 mC and 0.25 mM HPtCl6− to 3.23 mC also yielded a sufficient response for low-level H2O2, with LODs around 100 nM (1E-07 M). Overall, this work exemplifies the wide applicability of BDD and achieves sub-μM H2O2 LODs with a non-enzymatic electrode material.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge Prof. Greg M. Swain for helpful discussions. Dr. SuiChing Phung and Yingyu Cai are thanked for their experimental contributions. Lastly, the authors acknowledge Dr. Minghua Ren for assistance with SEM imaging.

Funding

This publication was made possible by a grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM103440) from the National Institutes of Health. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the Nevada IDEA Network for Biomedical Research Excellence (NV INBRE) for support through the Undergraduate Research Opportunities Program (UROP). The authors acknowledge the University of Nevada, Las Vegas (UNLV), for start-up funds.

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  1. Elizabeth M. Garcia and Paula A. Cordero contributed equally to this work.

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  1. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, 89154, USA

    Elizabeth M. Garcia, Paula A. Cordero, Sarah Kazemeini, Andrea Murillo-Soto, Karen A. Gonzalez, Alexander McClement & Cory A. Rusinek

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  1. Elizabeth M. Garcia
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Garcia, E.M., Cordero, P.A., Kazemeini, S. et al. Platinum and palladium nanoparticles on boron-doped diamond for the electrochemical detection of hydrogen peroxide: a comparison study. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 5781–5795 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-023-04859-5

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