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Electrochemical biosensors for analysis of DNA point mutations in cancer research

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Abstract

Cancer is a genetic disease induced by mutations in DNA, in particular point mutations in important driver genes that lead to protein malfunctioning and ultimately to tumorigenesis. Screening for the most common DNA point mutations, especially in such genes as TP53, BRCA1 and BRCA2, EGFR, KRAS, or BRAF, is crucial to determine predisposition risk for cancer or to predict response to therapy. In this review, we briefly depict how these genes are involved in cancer, followed by a description of the most common techniques routinely applied for their analysis, including high-throughput next-generation sequencing technology and less expensive low-throughput options, such as real-time PCR, restriction fragment length polymorphism, or high resolution melting analysis. We then introduce benefits of electrochemical biosensors as interesting alternatives to the standard methods in terms of cost, speed, and simplicity. We describe most common strategies involved in electrochemical biosensing of point mutations, relying mostly on PCR or isothermal amplification techniques, and critically discuss major challenges and obstacles that, until now, prevented their more widespread application in clinical settings.

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Funding

This work was supported by Czech Health Research Council (project no. NU21-08–00078), by the project National Institute for Cancer Research (Programme EXCELES, ID Project No. LX22NPO5102)—funded by the European Union—Next Generation EU, by the European Regional Development Fund (project BBMRI-CZ.: Biobank network – a versatile platform for the research of the etiopathogenesis of diseases, reg. no. CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001674), and by the project BBMRI-CZ no. LM2018125, and MH CZ—DRO (MMCI, 00209805).

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  1. Research Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic

    Katerina Ondraskova, Ravery Sebuyoya, Ludmila Moranova, Jitka Holcakova, Petr Vonka, Roman Hrstka & Martin Bartosik

  2. National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00, Brno, Czech Republic

    Katerina Ondraskova & Ravery Sebuyoya

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  1. Katerina Ondraskova
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Conceptualization: Martin Bartosik. Literature search: Katerina Ondraskova, Ravery Sebuyoya, and Ludmila Moranova. Writing—original draft preparation: Katerina Ondraskova, Ravery Sebuyoya, Ludmila Moranova, Jitka Holcakova, Petr Vonka, and Martin Bartosik. Writing—review and editing: Katerina Ondraskova, Ravery Sebuyoya, Ludmila Moranova, Jitka Holcakova, Petr Vonka, Roman Hrstka, and Martin Bartosik. Funding acquisition: Roman Hrstka and Martin Bartosik. Supervision: Martin Bartosik.

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Published in the topical collection Electrochemical Biosensors – Driving Personalized Medicine with guest editors Susana Campuzano Ruiz and Maria Jesus Lobo-Castañón.

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Ondraskova, K., Sebuyoya, R., Moranova, L. et al. Electrochemical biosensors for analysis of DNA point mutations in cancer research. Anal Bioanal Chem 415, 1065–1085 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04388-7

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