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Coumarin 6H-fused fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of coralyne using oligonucleotide-modified silver nanoparticles

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Abstract

In this study, a novel, rapid, and sensitive fluorescence sensing platform was developed for the detection of coralyne (COR) by the conjugation of coumarin 6H (C6H) fluorescent dye with oligonucleotide-modified silver nanoparticles [(dT)32-AgNPs]. In the presence of COR, a remarkable and rapid decrease in the fluorescence signal of the probe with a quenching efficiency of around 62% was observed. The quenching response of the system towards COR was possibly due to the displacement of thymidine-rich deoxyoligonucleotides by COR on the surface of AgNPs. The complementary experiments with an adenine-rich single strand as well as with two different secondary structures (i.e., duplex and triplex) revealed a favorable sequence specificity of the sensing platform. The influence of key parameters including the incubation time and temperature was evaluated and optimized to achieve the highest performance. The linear range of 10–183 nM with a correlation coefficient of R = 0.9982 and a limit of detection of 5.24 nM were obtained under the optimized conditions. The selectivity of the proposed probe towards COR was revealed by the evaluation of its response to other small molecules that have molecular structures similar to COR. Finally, the successful applicability of the system was shown with the obtained average recoveries in the range of 87.28–104.52% in human urine samples.

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Scheme 1.

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Abbreviations

COR:

Coralyne

HPLC-MS:

High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry

SERS:

Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

AgNPs:

Silver nanoparticles

dsDNA:

Double-stranded DNA

LOD:

Limit of detection

Cit-AgNPs:

Citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles

C-6H:

Coumarin 6H

FRET:

Fluorescence resonance energy transfer

NET:

Netropsin

ELP:

Ellipticine

DOX:

Doxorubicin

ETBR:

Ethidium bromide

OXP:

Oxaliplatin

HOE:

Hoechst 33258

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulfoxide

Aza3:

Azacyanine 3

Aza4:

Azacyanine 4

Aza5:

Azacyanine 5

HRTEM:

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy

DLS:

Dynamic light scattering

ZP:

Zeta-potential

FTIR:

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

ATR:

Attenuated total reflection

FL:

Fluorescence

SD:

Standard deviation

RT:

Room temperature

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Acknowledgements

The authors sincerely express their great indebtedness to Prof. İrem Erel Göktepe and her research group members, especially Gökçe Tidim, for their help and technical support with DLS and ZP measurements. Authors gratefully acknowledge Middle East Technical University Central Laboratory, especially TEM laboratory technicians. Authors also would like to thank the Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, and Medical, Health and Guidance Center, Middle East Technical University for providing the infrastructure and their support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Middle East Technical University, 06800, Çankaya, Ankara, Turkey

    Hatice Müge Usta, Mehrdad Forough & Özgül Persil Çetinkol

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Contributions

HMU: methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft. MF: conceptualization, methodology, investigation, formal analysis, data curation, writing—original draft, writing—review and editing. ÖPÇ: project administration, methodology, investigation, visualization, data curation, writing — review and editing.

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Correspondence to Özgül Persil Çetinkol.

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Urine samples in this study were obtained from three healthy adult volunteers. This study was approved by METU Medical, Health and Guidance Center, and experiments with real samples were performed in accordance with ethical standards. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Usta, H.M., Forough, M. & Persil Çetinkol, Ö. Coumarin 6H-fused fluorescent probe for highly sensitive detection of coralyne using oligonucleotide-modified silver nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 414, 7299–7313 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04282-2

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