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Biotransformation of selenium in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus

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Abstract

Biotransformation of toxic selenium ions to non-toxic species has been mainly focused on biofortification of microorganisms and production of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), while far less attention is paid to the mechanisms of transformation. In this study, we applied a combination of analytical techniques with the aim of characterizing the SeNPs themselves as well as monitoring the course of selenium transformation in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Red coloration and pungent odor that appeared after only a few hours of incubation with 10 mM Se+4 indicate the formation of SeNPs and volatile methylated selenium compounds. SEM–EDS confirmed pure selenium NPs with an average diameter of 57 nm, which indicates potentially very good medical, optical, and photoelectric characteristics. XANES of mycelium revealed concentration-dependent mechanisms of reduction, where 0.5 mM Se+4 led to the predominant formation of Se–S-containing organic molecules, while 10 mM Se+4 induced production of biomethylated selenide (Se−2) in the form of volatile dimethylselenide (DMSe) and selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs), with the SeNPs/DMSe ratio rising with incubation time. Several structural forms of elemental selenium, predominantly monoclinic Se8 chains, together with trigonal Se polymer chain, Se8 and Se6 ring structures, were detected by Raman spectroscopy.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, Contract nos. 451-03-68/2022-14/200053; 451-03-68/2022-14/200051; and 451-03-68/2022-14/ 200178. The XANES experiment was conducted in the frame of the user proposal number 20200229 at XRF beamline at the Elettra synchrotron facility and funded by the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The authors are grateful to Dr. Smilja Marković of the Institute of Technical Sciences, Serbian Academy of Sciences, for DLS measurements.

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  1. Department of Life Sciences, Institute for Multidisciplinary Research, University of Belgrade, Kneza Višeslava 1, 11030, Belgrade, Serbia

    Milan Žižić, Marina Stanić, Goran Branković & Ivanka Rodić

  2. Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.P.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy

    Giuliana Aquilanti

  3. Faculty of Physical Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović

  4. Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Miroslav Živić

  5. Institute of General and Physical Chemistry, Studentski trg 12-16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia

    Joanna Zakrzewska

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Žižić, M., Stanić, M., Aquilanti, G. et al. Biotransformation of selenium in the mycelium of the fungus Phycomyces blakesleeanus. Anal Bioanal Chem 414, 6213–6222 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-022-04191-4

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