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Automatic and renewable micro-solid-phase extraction based on bead injection lab-on-valve system for determination of tranexamic acid in urine by UHPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry volume 414, pages 649–659 (2022)Cite this article

Abstract

An automatic micro-solid-phase extraction (μSPE) method using on-line renewable sorbent beads followed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) was established for the determination of tranexamic acid (TXA) in urine. The μSPE method was based on the bead injection (BI) concept combined with the mesofluidic lab-on-valve (LOV) platform. All steps of the μSPE–BI–LOV were implemented by computer programming, rendering enhanced precision on time and flow events. Several parameters, including the type of sorbent, volume and composition of the conditioning solution, washing solution, and eluent composition, were evaluated to improve the extraction efficiency. The best results were obtained with a hydrophilic–lipophilic balanced mixed-mode sorbent, decorated with sulfonic acid groups (Oasis MCX), and 99% acetonitrile–water (50:50, v/v)–1% ammonium hydroxide as eluent. Chromatographic separation was performed using a BEH amide column coupled to MS/MS detection in positive ionization mode. Good linearity was achieved (R2 > 0.998) for TXA concentrations in urine ranging from 300 to 3000 ng mL−1, with LOD and LOQ of 30 and 65 ng mL−1, respectively. Dilution integrity was observed for dilution factors up to 20,000 times, providing the extension of the upper limit of quantification to 12 mg mL−1. The method was validated according to international guidelines and successfully applied to urine samples collected during scoliosis surgery of pediatric patients treated with TXA.

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Funding

This work received financial support from PT national funds (FCT/MCTES, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Ensino Superior) through grant UIDB/50006/2020. S. R. Fernandes thanks FCT and ESF (European Social Fund) through NORTE2020 (Programa Operacional Regional Norte) for her PhD grant (SFRH/BD/130948/2017). L. Barreiros acknowledges funding from FCT through program DL 57/2016 – Norma transitória. M. Miró acknowledges financial support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (MICINN) and Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) through projects CTM2017-84763-C3-3-R and PID2020-117686RB-C33 (MICINN/AEI/FEDER).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. LAQV, REQUIMTE, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313, Porto, Portugal

    Sara R. Fernandes, Luisa Barreiros & Marcela A. Segundo

  2. Escola Superior de Saúde, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 400, 4200-072, Porto, Portugal

    Sara R. Fernandes & Luisa Barreiros

  3. Centro Hospitalar Universitário do Porto, Largo Prof. Abel Salazar, 4099-001, Porto, Portugal

    Paula Sá

  4. FI-TRACE group, Department of Chemistry, University of the Balearic Islands, E-07122, Palma de Mallorca, Spain

    Manuel Miró

Authors
  1. Sara R. Fernandes
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  2. Luisa Barreiros
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  3. Paula Sá
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  4. Manuel Miró
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  5. Marcela A. Segundo
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Marcela A. Segundo.

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The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee for Health at Centro Hospitalar do Porto (process no. 2015.083(077-DEFI/072-CES). Experiments were performed following all internationally accepted rules of good clinical practices. All participants in the study have provided written informed consent prior to collection of samples.

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Fernandes, S.R., Barreiros, L., Sá, P. et al. Automatic and renewable micro-solid-phase extraction based on bead injection lab-on-valve system for determination of tranexamic acid in urine by UHPLC coupled with tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 414, 649–659 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03606-y

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