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A sample-preparation-free, automated, sample-to-answer system for cell counting in human body fluids

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry volume 413, pages 5025–5035 (2021)Cite this article

Abstract

While many clinical laboratory tests are now highly automated, body fluid cell counting, particularly in low-cellularity samples such as cerebral spinal fluid (CSF), is often performed manually. Here, we report a simple, cost-effective method to obtain white and red blood cell counts from human body fluids such as CSF. The method consists of a compact, automated, and low-cost fluorescence microscope system, coupled to a sample chamber containing all of the necessary reagents in dry form to stain and prepare the sample. Sample focus and scanning are handled automatically, and the acquired multimodal images are automatically analyzed to extract cell counts. Comparison with manual counting on over 200 clinical samples shows excellent agreement. As the system counts a substantially larger image region than a standard manual cell count, we find our sensitivity to extremely low cellularity samples to potentially be higher than the manual gold standard, evidenced by our system recording images of cells in samples whose cell count was registered as “0” by a trained user. Thus, our system holds promise for routine, automated, and sensitive analysis of body fluids whose cellularity extends across a wide dynamic range.

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Funding

This research was funded by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China’s National Key Research and Development Program, Grant number 2016YFA0201300 (ZJS) and the Chongqing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, grant number cstc2017shmsA130083 (HD, ZJS), whose support is gratefully acknowledged.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Precision Scientific Instrumentation of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, Department of Precision Machinery and Precision Instrumentation, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China

    Qiang Lu, Kaiqin Chu & Zachary J. Smith

  2. Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230027, Anhui, China

    Kaiqin Chu

  3. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders, Key Laboratory of Pediatrics in Chongqing, Chongqing International Science and Technology Cooperation Center for Child Development and Disorders, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 136 Zhongshan 2nd Road, Chongqing, 400014, China

    Hu Dou

Authors
  1. Qiang Lu
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  2. Kaiqin Chu
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  3. Hu Dou
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  4. Zachary J. Smith
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Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Hu Dou or Zachary J. Smith.

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Ethics approval

This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, approval number:(2016)年伦审(研)第(67)号 (Translation: 2016 IRB Research approval number 67).

Source of biological material

The samples utilized in this study were anonymized discarded patient samples from the Clinical Laboratory of the Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, which were not collected for the purposes of this study.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Lu, Q., Chu, K., Dou, H. et al. A sample-preparation-free, automated, sample-to-answer system for cell counting in human body fluids. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 5025–5035 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03466-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03466-6

Keywords

  • Clinical/biomedical analysis
  • Microscopic imaging
  • Point of care testing
  • Cell counting