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Assessment of pesticides in water using time-weighted average calibration of passive sampling device manufactured with carbon nanomaterial coating on stainless steel wire

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Abstract

The continued contamination of water sources by pesticides is a problem that involves the life of aquatic organisms and human health, especially in countries whose economy is based on agriculture. The need to know the quality of drinking water under these circumstances is a priority for the public health of any community. Passive sampling methods allow the determination of long-term environmental pollutants through a single sample collection, reducing time and cost of analyses. One advantage of passive sampling is that it is possible to calculate a time-weighted average (TWA) concentration value or an equilibrium concentration value, depending on the type of device used and the exposure time. Passive sampling techniques using carbon nanomaterials (CNMs) have a high potential for pesticide sampling in aquatic systems. A device for passive sampling manufactured with CNMs in a microextraction system and recyclable materials was calibrated in laboratory exposure conditions over 15 days. The calibration results showed linear accumulation periods between 5 and 10 days. Sampling rates were between 0.014 and 0.146 mL day−1. The sampler was field-tested in the San Francisco river basin in the state of Minas Gerais in Brazil for 7 days. This research allowed for the detection and calculation of TWA concentrations for organochlorine pesticides such as α-HCH, 4,4-DDE, and 4,4-DD in water sources. The manufactured device demonstrated greater sensitivity than the grab sampling processes for the detection of pesticides. The performed passive sampling system using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) technique allowed for the collection, detection, identification, and quantification of 26 pesticides.

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Abbreviations

CAPES :

Coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de nível superior

CEMIG :

Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais

CNMs:

Carbon nanomaterials

CNPq :

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico

CVD:

Chemical vapor deposition

DGT:

Diffusive gradients in thin films technique

FEG:

Field emission gun

GC/MS:

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry

IBAMA :

Instituto Brasileiro do Meio Ambiente e dos Recursos Naturais Renováveis

OCPs:

Organochlorine pesticides

PCa:

Prostate cancer

PD:

Parkinson’s disease

PET:

Polyterephthalate

POCIS:

Polar organic chemical integrative sampler

POPs:

Persistent organic pollutants

PVC:

Polyvinyl chloride

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SPMDs:

Semi-permeable membrane device

SPME:

Solid-phase microextraction

TWA:

Time-weighted average

WBL:

Water boundary layer

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Funding

This work was supported by Companhia Energética de Minas Gerais (CEMIG) and by the Brazilian agencies Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) and Coordenação de aperfeiçoamento de pessoal de nível superior (CAPES).

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  1. Departamento de Química, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Avenida Antônio Carlos, 6627, Belo Horizonte, MG, 31270901, Brazil

    Eduard F. Valenzuela, Fabiano F. de Paula, Ana Paula C. Teixeira, Helvécio C. Menezes & Zenilda L. Cardeal

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  1. Eduard F. Valenzuela
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  2. Fabiano F. de Paula
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Correspondence to Zenilda L. Cardeal.

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Valenzuela, E.F., de Paula, F.F., Teixeira, A.P.C. et al. Assessment of pesticides in water using time-weighted average calibration of passive sampling device manufactured with carbon nanomaterial coating on stainless steel wire. Anal Bioanal Chem 413, 3315–3327 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-021-03270-2

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