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Analysis of mobile chemicals in the aquatic environment—current capabilities, limitations and future perspectives

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Abstract

Persistent and mobile water contaminants are rapidly developing into a focal point of environmental chemistry and chemical regulation. Their defining parameter that sets them apart from the majority of regularly monitored and regulated contaminants is their mobility in the aquatic environment, which is intrinsically tied to a high polarity. This high polarity, however, may have severe implications in the analytical process and thus the most polar of these mobile contaminants may not be covered by widely utilized trace-analytical methods, and thus, alternatives are required. In this review, we infer the physical and chemical properties of mobile water contaminants from a set of almost 1800 prioritized REACH chemicals and discuss the implications these substance properties may have on four integral steps of the analytical process: sampling and sample storage, sample pre-treatment, separation and detection. We discuss alternatives to widely utilized trace-analytical methods, examine their application range and limitations, highlight potential analytical techniques on the horizon and emphasize research areas we believe still offer the most room for further improvement. While we have a comprehensive set of analytical methods to cover a large portion of the known mobile chemicals, these methods are still only infrequently utilized.

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Acknowledgments

The authors thank the BMBF for funding the PROTECT project (FKZ: 02WRS1495B), all project partners, and Dr. Tobias Frömel (Hochschule Fresenius, University of Applied Scienes) for his valuable input during the preparation of the manuscript.

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    Daniel Zahn, Isabelle J. Neuwald & Thomas P. Knepper

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Published in the topical collection Persistent and Mobile Organic Compounds – An Environmental Challenge with guest editors Torsten C. Schmidt, Thomas P. Knepper, and Thorsten Reemtsma.

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Zahn, D., Neuwald, I.J. & Knepper, T.P. Analysis of mobile chemicals in the aquatic environment—current capabilities, limitations and future perspectives. Anal Bioanal Chem 412, 4763–4784 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-020-02520-z

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