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Zinc(II) salphen complex-based fluorescence optical sensor for biogenic amine detection

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Abstract

Biogenic amines have attracted interest among researchers because of their importance as biomarkers in determining the quality of food freshness in the food industry. A rapid and simple technique that is able to detect biogenic amines is needed. In this work, a new optical sensing material for one of the biogenic amines, histamine, based on a new zinc(II) salphen complex was developed. The binding of zinc(II) complexes without an electron-withdrawing group (complex 1) and with electron-withdrawing groups (F, complex 2; Cl, complex 3) to histamine resulted in enhancement of fluorescence. All complexes exhibited high affinity for histamine [binding constant of (7.14 ± 0.80) × 104, (3.33 ± 0.03) × 105, and (2.35 ± 0.14) × 105 M-1, respectively]. Complex 2 was chosen as the sensing material for further development of an optical sensor for biogenic amines in the following step since it displayed enhanced optical properties in comparison with complexes 1 and 3. The optical sensor for biogenic amines used silica microparticles as the immobilisation support and histamine as the analyte. The optical sensor had a limit of detection for histamine of 4.4 × 10-12 M, with a linear working range between 1.0 × 10-11 and 1.0 × 10-6 M (R2 = 0.9844). The sensor showed good reproducibility, with a low relative standard deviation (5.5 %). In addition, the sensor exhibited good selectivity towards histamine and cadaverine over other amines, such as 1,2-phenylenediamine, triethylamine, and trimethylamine. Recovery and real sample studies suggested that complex 2 could be a promising biogenic amine optical sensing material that can be applied in the food industry, especially in controlling the safety of food for it to remain fresh and healthy for consumption.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia and Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia through research grants FRGS/1/2016/STG01/UKM/02/1 and GUP-2017-067, respectively.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Advanced Materials and Renewable Resources (CAMARR), Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Muhammad Ameerullah Sahudin, Yook Heng Lee & Nurul Huda Abd Karim

  2. Solar Energy Research Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Mohd Sukor Su’ait

  3. Southeast Asia Disaster Prevention Research Initiative, Institute for Environment and Development, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

    Ling Ling Tan & Yook Heng Lee

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  1. Muhammad Ameerullah Sahudin
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Sahudin, M.A., Su’ait, M.S., Tan, L.L. et al. Zinc(II) salphen complex-based fluorescence optical sensor for biogenic amine detection. Anal Bioanal Chem 411, 6449–6461 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-019-02025-4

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