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Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates in baby food samples by ultrasound–vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and GC–IT/MS

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Abstract

Baby foods are either a soft, liquid paste or an easily chewed food since babies lack developed muscles and teeth to chew effectively. Babies typically move to consuming baby food once nursing or formula is not sufficient for the child’s appetite. Some commercial baby foods have been criticized for their contents. This article focuses on the simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates by means of a method based on ultrasound–vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction coupled with gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry (GC–IT/MS). The protocol developed allowed the determination of six phthalates [dimethyl phthalate, diethyl phthalate, dibutyl phthalate, isobutyl cyclohexyl phthalate, benzyl butyl phthalate, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate] and 19 organophosphorus pesticides. Freeze-dried product samples (0.1-0.2 g) were dissolved in 10 mL of warm distilled water along with 5 μL of an internal standard (anthracene at 10 mg mL-1 in acetone): the choice of extraction solvent was studied, with the most suitable being n-heptane, which is used for phthalate determination in similar matrices. The solution, held for 5 min in a vortex mixer and for 6 min in a 100-W ultrasonic bath to favor solvent dispersion and consequently analyte extraction, was centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 30 min. Then 1 μL was injected into the GC–IT/MS system (SE-54 capillary column; length 30 m, inner diameter 250 μm, film thickness 0.25 μm). All analytical parameters investigated are discussed in depth. The method was applied to real commercial freeze-dried samples: significant contaminant concentrations were not found.

Simultaneous and sensitive determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates in baby foods by the ultrasound–vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction ֪gas chromatography–ion trap mass spectrometry procedure. 1 methacrifos, 2 pirofos, 3 phorate, 4 seraphos, 5 diazinon, 6 etrimphos, 7 dichlofenthion, 8 chlorpyrifos-methyl, 9 pirimiphos-methyl, 10 malathion, 11 chlorpyrifos, 12 parathion-ethyl, 13 pirimiphos-ethyl, 14 bromophos, 15 chlorfenvinphos, 16 bromophos-ethyl, 17 stirophos, 18 diethion, 19 coumaphos, A dimethyl phthalate, B diethyl phthalate, C dibutyl phthalate, D butyl cyclohexyl phthalate, E benzyl butyl phthalate, F bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, IS internal standard

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, via De Sanctis, 86100, Campobasso, Italy

    Ivan Notardonato, Elisabetta Salimei, Mario Vincenzo Russo & Pasquale Avino

  2. DIT, INAIL, via R. Ferruzzi 38/40, 00143, Rome, Italy

    Pasquale Avino

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  1. Ivan Notardonato
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Correspondence to Pasquale Avino.

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Published in the topical collection Euroanalysis XIX with guest editors Charlotta Turner and Jonas Bergquist.

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Notardonato, I., Salimei, E., Russo, M.V. et al. Simultaneous determination of organophosphorus pesticides and phthalates in baby food samples by ultrasound–vortex-assisted liquid–liquid microextraction and GC–IT/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 3285–3296 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-0986-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-018-0986-x

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