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Use of phenyl/tetrazolyl-functionalized magnetic microspheres and stable isotope labeled internal standards for significant reduction of matrix effect in determination of nine fluoroquinolones by liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry

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Abstract

In this study, the strategy of unique adsorbent combined with isotope labeled internal standards was used to significantly reduce the matrix effect for the enrichment and analysis of nine fluoroquinolones in a complex sample by liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry (LC-QqQLIT-MS/MS). The adsorbent was prepared conveniently by functionalizing Fe3O4@SiO2 microspheres with phenyl and tetrazolyl groups, which could adsorb fluoroquinolones selectively via hydrophobic, electrostatic, and π–π interactions. The established magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) method as well as using stable isotope labeled internal standards in the next MS/MS detection was able to reduce the matrix effect significantly. In the process of LC-QqQLIT-MS/MS analysis, the precursor and product ions of the analytes were monitored quantitatively and qualitatively on a QTrap system equipped simultaneously with the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) and enhanced product ion (EPI) scan. Subsequently, the enrichment method combined with LC-QqQLIT-MS/MS demonstrated good analytical features in terms of linearity (7.5–100.0 ng mL-1, r > 0.9960), satisfactory recoveries (88.6%–118.3%) with RSDs < 12.0%, LODs = 0.5 μg kg-1 and LOQs = 1.5 μg kg-1 for all tested analytes. Finally, the developed MSPE-LC-QqQLIT-MS/MS method had been successfully applied to real pork samples for food-safety risk monitoring in Ningxia Province, China.

Mechanism of reducing matrix effect through the as-prepared adsorbent.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (nos. 21475104, 21775121, and 21575114), the Industry Development Project by the Science and Technology Department of Shaanxi Province (no. 2016GY-214), and the Ningxia Provincial National Natural Science Foundation (no. NZ14226).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710127, China

    Fei Xu, Chaozhan Wang & Yinmao Wei

  2. Ningxia Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yinchuan, Ningxia, 750004, China

    Fei Xu & Feng Liu

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  1. Fei Xu
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Correspondence to Yinmao Wei.

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Xu, F., Liu, F., Wang, C. et al. Use of phenyl/tetrazolyl-functionalized magnetic microspheres and stable isotope labeled internal standards for significant reduction of matrix effect in determination of nine fluoroquinolones by liquid chromatography-quadrupole linear ion trap mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 410, 1709–1724 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-017-0821-9

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