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Advances in electrospun carbon fiber-based electrochemical sensing platforms for bioanalytical applications

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Abstract

Electrochemical sensing is an efficient and inexpensive method for detection of a range of chemicals of biological, clinical, and environmental interest. Carbon materials-based electrodes are commonly employed for the development of electrochemical sensors because of their low cost, biocompatibility, and facile electron transfer kinetics. Electrospun carbon fibers (ECFs), prepared by electrospinning of a polymeric precursor and subsequent thermal treatment, have emerged as promising carbon systems for biosensing applications since the electrochemical properties of these carbon fibers can be easily modified by processing conditions and post-treatment. This review addresses recent progress in the use of ECFs for sensor fabrication and analyte detection. We focus on the modification strategies of ECFs and identification of the key components that impart the bioelectroanalytical activities, and point out the future challenges that must be addressed in order to advance the fundamental understanding of the ECF electrochemistry and to realize the practical applications of ECF-based sensing devices.

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Abbreviations

A:

Adenine

AA:

Ascorbic acid

CA:

Cellulose acetate

CAm:

Chronoamperometry

CC:

Catechol

CNF:

Carbon nanofiber

CNFX:

Carbon nanofibers obtained at a pyrolysis temperature of X

CNT:

Carbon nanotube

CPE:

Carbon paste electrodes

cyt c :

Cytochrome c

DA:

Dopamine

DET:

Direct electron transfer

DPV:

Differential pulse voltammetry

DOS:

Density of electronic states

ECF:

Electrospun carbon fiber

EELS:

Electron energy loss spectroscopy

E F :

Fermi level

ESA:

Electroactive surface area

G:

Guanine

GC:

Glassy carbon

GCE:

Glassy carbon electrode

GM:

Gerischer-Marcus

GOx:

Glucose oxidase

GF:

Graphitized fiber

HET:

Heterogeneous electron transfer

HQ:

Hydroquinone

HRP:

Horse radish peroxidase

k 0 app :

Apparent electron transfer rates

ILs:

Ionic liquids

Lac:

Laccase

LOD:

Limits of detection

MGCE:

Magnetic glass carbon electrode

NCNF:

Nitrogen-doped carbon fiber

NiCNF:

Nickel nanoparticle-loaded carbon nanofiber

NP:

Nanoparticle

ORR:

Oxygen reduction reaction

PAA:

Poly(amic acid)

PAN:

Polyacrylonitrile

PBI:

Polybenzimidazol

PDA:

Polydopamine

PI:

Polyimide

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

PVP:

Polyvinylpyrrolidone

SEM:

Scanning electron microscopy

SWV:

Square-wave voltammetry

TEM:

Transmission electron microscopy

UA:

Uric acid

UPS:

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy

XANES:

X-ray absorption near edge spectroscopy

XPS:

X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy

XRD:

X-ray diffraction

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Acknowledgments

X.M. acknowledges financial support by a Skoltech Fellowship during the preparation of this review.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA

    Xianwen Mao, Wenda Tian, T. Alan Hatton & Gregory C. Rutledge

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  1. Xianwen Mao
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  2. Wenda Tian
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Correspondence to Gregory C. Rutledge.

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Published in the topical collection Fiber-based Platforms for Bioanalytics with guest editors Antje J. Baeumner and R. Kenneth Marcus.

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Mao, X., Tian, W., Hatton, T.A. et al. Advances in electrospun carbon fiber-based electrochemical sensing platforms for bioanalytical applications. Anal Bioanal Chem 408, 1307–1326 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-015-9209-x

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