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Anticodeine aptamer immobilized on a Whatman cellulose paper for thin-film microextraction of codeine from urine followed by electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry

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Abstract

A combination of thin-film microextaction based on an aptamer immobilized on modified Whatman cellulose paper followed by electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry has been developed for the analysis of codeine in urine samples. The immobilization is based on the covalent linking of an amino-modified anticodeine aptamer to aldehyde groups of the oxidized cellulose paper. The covalent bonds were examined by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The effect of the extraction parameters, including the elution conditions (solvent type and volume), extraction time, and extraction temperature, on the extraction efficiency were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the linear dynamic range was found to be 10-300 ng/mL with a detection limit of 3.4 ng/mL for codeine in urine. The relative standard deviation was 6.8 % for three replicate measurements of codeine at 100 ng/mL in urine. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed with a standard method for the analysis of codeine using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The comparison of the results validates the accuracy of the proposed method as an alternative method for the analysis of codeine in urine samples.

A combination of TFME based on aptamer immobilized on modified Whatman cellulose paper with ESIIMS has been developed. This method was used for the determination of codeine in urine samples

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Acknowledgments

The authors are grateful for financial support of this work by the Research Council of Isfahan University of Technology and the Center of Excellency in Chemistry of Isfahan University of Technology. The authors thank the Iran National Science Foundation (grant no. 93030712) for its support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran

    Zahra Hashemian, Taghi Khayamian & Mohammad Saraji

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  1. Zahra Hashemian
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  2. Taghi Khayamian
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  3. Mohammad Saraji
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Correspondence to Taghi Khayamian.

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Hashemian, Z., Khayamian, T. & Saraji, M. Anticodeine aptamer immobilized on a Whatman cellulose paper for thin-film microextraction of codeine from urine followed by electrospray ionization ion mobility spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 407, 1615–1623 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8392-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8392-5

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