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Identification of biomarkers in the hair of dogs: new diagnostic possibilities in the study and control of visceral leishmaniasis

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry volume 406, pages 6691–6700 (2014)Cite this article

Abstract

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a zoonosis whose etiologic agent in the Americas is Leishmania infantum, and dogs are the main host. Research and innovation in diagnostic techniques are essential to improve the surveillance and control of VL in endemic areas. The present study investigates the profile of the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted by healthy dogs and by dogs infected by L. infantum to detect variations in the VOCs that may be used as biomarkers in the diagnosis of VL. In total, 36 dogs were selected from an endemic area and divided into three groups: G1, not infected with L. infantum; G2, infected without clinical signs of VL; and G3, infected with clinical signs of VL. To analyze the profiles of the VOCs emitted by dogs from the three groups, solid-phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) was used. Variations were observed between the profiles of the VOCs emitted in the three groups studied, and they also differentiated infected animals with or without clinical signs. Six VOCs were identified as potential biomarkers of infection, with significant variations between healthy dogs (G1) and infected dogs (G2 + G3). The detection of variations between groups G2 and G3 suggested that the profiles of some VOCs may be related to the type of immune response and the parasite load of the infected dogs. This study demonstrated the possibility of analysis of VOCs as biomarkers of VL in diagnostic, clinical, and epidemiological work.

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Acknowledgments

This study was performed with the support of the National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq – 479753/2009-1) and the Bahia State Research Foundation (Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado da Bahia - FAPESB – Pedido No. 498/ 2011 and No. 1799/2012). We thank the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Support and Evaluation of Graduate Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES) for granting a master’s degree scholarship (J.T. Magalhães-Junior). The authors thank Clauceane de Jesus (LIVE-UFBA) for helping with serological and parasitological tests and Estéfane da C. Nunes (EBDA) for helping with the chemical identification of the volatile organic compounds.

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Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Infectologia Veterinária, Hospital de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal da Bahia - UFBA, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, 500. Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil

    Jairo Torres Magalhães-Junior, Carlos Roberto Franke & Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo

  2. Empresa Baiana de Desenvolvimento Agrícola S.A. - EBDA, Avenida Adhemar de Barros, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil

    Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Mesquita, Wyllian Franz dos Santos Oliveira & Frederico de Medeiros Rodrigues

  3. Instituto de Química, UFBA, Campus Universitário de Ondina, Salvador, BA, 40170-290, Brazil

    Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Mesquita, Wyllian Franz dos Santos Oliveira & Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade

  4. Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Recôncavo da Bahia, Cajueiro, Santo Antônio de Jesus, BA, 44570-000, Brazil

    Fábio Santos Oliveira

  5. INCT de Energia e Ambiente, UFBA, Salvador, BA, 40170-290, Brazil

    Jailson Bittencourt de Andrade

  6. Departamento de Anatomia, Patologia e Clínicas, Escola de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, UFBA, Salvador, BA, 40170-110, Brazil

    Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo

Authors
  1. Jairo Torres Magalhães-Junior
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  2. Paulo Roberto Ribeiro Mesquita
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  8. Stella Maria Barrouin-Melo
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Correspondence to Jairo Torres Magalhães-Junior.

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Magalhães-Junior, J.T., Mesquita, P.R.R., Oliveira, W.F.S. et al. Identification of biomarkers in the hair of dogs: new diagnostic possibilities in the study and control of visceral leishmaniasis. Anal Bioanal Chem 406, 6691–6700 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8103-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8103-2

Keywords

  • Metabolomics
  • VOCs
  • Canine visceral leishmaniasis
  • Leishmania infantum
  • Biomarkers
  • Disease diagnostics