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Ionic liquid-salt aqueous two-phase extraction based on salting-out coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in water and food

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry volume 405, pages 1245–1255 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Ionic liquid-salt aqueous two-phase extraction coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection was developed for the determination of sulfonamides in water and food samples. In the procedure, the analytes were extracted from the aqueous samples into the ionic liquid top phase in one step. Three sulfonamides, sulfamerazine, sulfamethoxazole, and sulfamethizole were selected here as model compounds for developing and evaluating the method. The effects of various experimental parameters in extraction step were studied using two optimization methods, one variable at a time and Box–Behnken design. The results showed that the amount of sulfonamides did not have effect on the extraction efficiency. Therefore, a three-level Box–Behnken experimental design with three factors, which combined the response surface modeling, was used to optimize sulfonamides extraction. Under the most favorable extraction parameters, the detection limits (S/N = 3) and quantification limits (S/N = 10) of the proposed method for the target compounds were achieved within the range of 0.15–0.3 ng/mL and 0.5–1.0 ng/mL from spiked samples, respectively, which are lower than or comparable with other reported approaches applied to the determination of the same compounds. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to the determination of sulfonamide compounds in different water and food samples and satisfactory recoveries of spiked target compounds in real samples were obtained.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21076098, 21206059 and 21207051), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. BK2010349 and BK2011529), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No. 20110491352), Ph.D. Innovation Programs Foundation of Jiangsu Province (No. X2211_0584), Jiangsu Postdoctoral Science Foundation funded project (No. 1101036C).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China

    Juan Han

  2. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, 212013, China

    Yun Wang, Yan Liu, Yanfang Li, Yang Lu, Yongsheng Yan & Liang Ni

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  1. Juan Han
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  2. Yun Wang
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  3. Yan Liu
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  4. Yanfang Li
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  5. Yang Lu
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  6. Yongsheng Yan
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  7. Liang Ni
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Correspondence to Yongsheng Yan.

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Han, J., Wang, Y., Liu, Y. et al. Ionic liquid-salt aqueous two-phase extraction based on salting-out coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography for the determination of sulfonamides in water and food. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 1245–1255 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6511-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6511-8

Keywords

  • Ionic liquid-salt aqueous two-phase extraction
  • Sulfonamides
  • High-performance liquid chromatography
  • Box–Behnken design
  • Water samples
  • Foods