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Lateral-flow immunoassays for mycotoxins and phycotoxins: a review

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Abstract

Natural toxin (for example mycotoxin and phycotoxin) contamination of food is of safety and economic concern, so much effort is devoted to the development of screening methods which enable the toxins to be continuously and widely monitored in food and feed. More generally speaking, rapid and non-instrumental assays for detection of a variety of food contaminants are generating ever-increasing scientific and technological interest because they enable high-throughput, economical, on-site monitoring of such contaminants. Among rapid methods for first-level screening of food contaminants, lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA), also named immunochromatographic assay or immune-gold colloid immunoassay, has recently attracted scientific and industrial interest because of its attractive property of enabling very rapid, one-step, in-situ analysis. This review focuses on new aspects of the development and optimization of lateral-flow devices for mycotoxin and phycotoxin detection, including strategies for management of matrix interference and, particularly, for investigation of the improvements achieved by signal-enhancing strategies or by application of non-gold nanoparticle signal reporters.

Competitive lateral flow immunoassay for myco- or phycotoxin: the Test zone is formed by adsorbing a conjugate of the target compound (toxin); Control zone is formed by anti-species antibodies (white), reporters are specific (anti-toxin antibodies, black) and non-specific (grey) antibodies labelled with gold nanoparticles (GNP). Focalization of GNP-labelled antibodies determines a visible/detectable colour appearance on both the Test and Control lines, which can be related to analyte amount in a liquid sample.

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Abbreviations

AFB1:

Aflatoxin B1

AFB2:

Aflatoxin B2

AFM1:

Aflatoxin M1

AFs:

Aflatoxins

ASP:

Amnesic shellfish poisoning

BSA:

Bovine serum albumin

DA:

Domoic acid

DON:

Deoxynivalenol

DSP:

Diarrhetic shellfish poisoning

FMB1:

Fumonisin B1

FMB2:

Fumonisin B2

FMs:

Total fumonisins

GNP:

Gold nanoparticle

LFD:

Lateral-flow device

LFIA:

Lateral-flow immunoassay

LOD:

Limit of detection

MC:

Microcystin

OA:

Okadaic acid

OTA:

Ochratoxin A

PbTx:

Brevitoxin

PEG:

Poly(ethylene glycol)

PSP:

Paralytic shellfish poisoning

PVA:

Poly(vinyl alcohol)

PVP:

Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)

STX:

Saxitoxin

T2:

T-2 toxin

ZEA:

Zearalenone

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by the Italian Ministry for Universities (PRIN, Prot. n.2007AWK85F_002)

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Giuria, 5, 10125, Turin, Italy

    Laura Anfossi, Claudio Baggiani, Cristina Giovannoli, Gilda D’Arco & Gianfranco Giraudi

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  1. Laura Anfossi
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  2. Claudio Baggiani
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  3. Cristina Giovannoli
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  4. Gilda D’Arco
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  5. Gianfranco Giraudi
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Correspondence to Laura Anfossi.

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Published in the special issue Analytical Science in Italy with guest editor Aldo Roda.

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Anfossi, L., Baggiani, C., Giovannoli, C. et al. Lateral-flow immunoassays for mycotoxins and phycotoxins: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 405, 467–480 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6033-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-012-6033-4

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