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Micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction with highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays: a new approach for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides at trace level in environmental water samples

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Abstract

Ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays have been widely used in many fields such as photocatalysis, self-cleaning, solar cells, gas sensing, and catalysis. This present study exploited a new functional application of the ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays. A micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction using ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays was developed for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides prior to gas chromatography-electron capture detection. Ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays exhibited excellent merits on the pre-concentration of organochlorine pesticides and lower detection limits of 0.10, 0.10, 0.10, 0.098, 0.0076, 0.0097, 0.016, and 0.023 μg L−1 for α-HCH, β-HCH, γ-HCH, δ-HCH, p,p’-DDE, p,p’-DDD, o,p’-DDT, and p,p’-DDT, respectively, were achieved. Four real water samples were used for validation, and the spiked recoveries were in the range of 78–102.8%. These results demonstrated that the developed micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction using ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays would be very constructive and have a great beginning with a brand new prospect in the analysis of environmental pollutants.

 

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (20877022), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (082102350022), and the Personal Innovation Foundation of Universities in Henan Province ([2005]126).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Henan Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huaihe River Water Environment and Pollution Control, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Henan Normal University, Xinxiang, 453007, China

    Qingxiang Zhou & Yunrui Huang

  2. State Laboratory of Petroleum Resource and Prospecting, Key Laboratory of Earth Prospecting and Information Technology, College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum Beijing, Beijing, 102249, China

    Qingxiang Zhou

  3. Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Junping Xiao

  4. College of Resources and Environment, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, 453003, China

    Guohong Xie

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  1. Qingxiang Zhou
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  2. Yunrui Huang
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  3. Junping Xiao
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  4. Guohong Xie
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Correspondence to Qingxiang Zhou.

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Zhou, Q., Huang, Y., Xiao, J. et al. Micro-solid phase equilibrium extraction with highly ordered TiO2 nanotube arrays: a new approach for the enrichment and measurement of organochlorine pesticides at trace level in environmental water samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 400, 205–212 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4788-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-011-4788-7

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