Abstract
The stable integration of a biological recognition element on a transducing substrate surface is the single most important step in the creation of a high-functioning sensor surface. The key factors affecting biotic and abiotic functionalities at the biointerface are both chemical and physical. Understanding the interactions between biomolecules and surfaces, and their emergent complexity, is critical for biointerface implementation for sensing applications. In this overview, we highlight materials and methods typically used for biosensor development. Particular emphasis has been given to the experimental evaluation of biointerfacial properties and functionality. Promising research directions for application of biointerfaces to biosensing are suggested.

Correlation between nanoscale roughness, surface elemental composition, and functional bio-immobilization.



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Acknowledgements
S.H.N is a recipient of an American Society of Engineering Education postdoctoral fellowship. This work is funded by Joint Science and Technology Office for Chemical and Biological Defense/Defense Threat Reduction Agency and the Office of Naval Research. The views expressed here are those of the authors and do not represent the opinions of the US Navy, the US Department of Defense, or the US government.
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North, S.H., Lock, E.H., Taitt, C.R. et al. Critical aspects of biointerface design and their impact on biosensor development. Anal Bioanal Chem 397, 925–933 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3637-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-010-3637-4

