Abstract
The formation of Fe–Zn intermetallic compounds, as relevant in the commercial product galvannealed steel sheet, was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and different methods of X-ray diffraction. A scanning electron microscope with high resolution was applied to investigate the layers of the galvannealed coating and its topography. Grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GID) was preferred over conventional Bragg–Brentano geometry for analysing thin crystalline layers because of its lower incidence angle α and its lower depth of information. Furthermore, in situ experiments at an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) with an internal heating plate and at an X-ray diffractometer equipped with a high-temperature chamber were carried out. Thus, it was possible to investigate the phase evolution during heat treatment by X-ray diffraction and to display the growth of the ζ crystals in the ESEM.
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Schmid, P., Uran, K., Macherey, F. et al. X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy of galvannealed coatings on steel. Anal Bioanal Chem 393, 1863–1870 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2581-z
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2581-z