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Quasi in situ XPS investigations on intercalation mechanisms in Li-ion battery materials

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Abstract

New concepts for Li-ion batteries are of growing interest for high-performance applications. One aim is the search for new electrode materials with superior properties and their detailed characterization. We demonstrate the application of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to investigate electrode materials (LiCoO2, LiCrMnO4) during electrochemical cycling. The optimization of a “quasi in situ” analysis, by transferring the samples with a transport chamber from the glove box to the XPS chamber, and the reliability of the experiments performed are shown. The behavior of characteristic chemical species at the electrodes and the changes in oxidation states of LiCrMnO4 during cycling is discussed. The formation of Cr6+ is suspected as a possible reason for irreversible capacity loss during charging up to complete Li deintercalation (approximately 5.2 V).

Scheme of a quasi in situ XPS experiment on Li-ion battery electrode material

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Acknowledgements

Financial support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) is gratefully appreciated. The authors would also like to thank A. Thomas for assistance with the sample preparation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. IFW Dresden, Postfach 270116, 01171, Dresden, Germany

    S. Oswald, K. Nikolowski & H. Ehrenberg

Authors
  1. S. Oswald
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  2. K. Nikolowski
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  3. H. Ehrenberg
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Correspondence to S. Oswald.

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Oswald, S., Nikolowski, K. & Ehrenberg, H. Quasi in situ XPS investigations on intercalation mechanisms in Li-ion battery materials. Anal Bioanal Chem 393, 1871–1877 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2520-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2520-z

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