Abstract
A certified reference material (CRM) for microcystins has been prepared by the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES). Microcystins are hepatotoxic cyclic peptides produced by cyanobacteria in eutrophic water bodies. At least seven microcystin variants were found by HPLC analysis of the NIES CRM, of which [Dha7]microcystin-RR and -LR were the major microcystins present. Because of the lack of available standards we determined the total microcystin concentration in the CRM by the MMPB method, and elucidated the structures of the main individual microcystin variants following their isolation. Analyses of NMR and MS spectra indicated that the remaining minor variants in the CRM were [D-Asp3, Dha7]microcystin-RR and -LR, and [Dha7]microcystin-YR, -ThTyrR, and -HilR. The CRM is valuable not only as a standard material for the quantitation of total microcystins but also for the identification of individual [Dha7]microcystin variants.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kaya K, Sano T (2005) Bioactive compounds of freshwater cyanobacteria. In: Kasai F, Kaya, K, Watanabe MM (eds) Algal culture collections and the environment. Tokai University Press, Hadano
Falconer I, Bartram J, Chorus I, Kuiper-Goodman T, Utkilen H, Burch M, Codd GA (1999) Safe levels and safe practices. In: Chorus I, Bartram J (eds) Toxic cyanobacteria in water. E & FN Spon, London
Takagi H, Shirai M, Sano T, Kaya K (2004) J Environ Chem 14:587–596
Kaya K, Sano T (1999) Anal Chim Acta 386:107–112
Fujii K, Ikai Y, Oka H, Suzuki M, Harada K-I (1997) Anal Chem 69:5146–5151
Namikoshi M, Sun F, Choi BW, Rinehart KL, Carmichael WW, Evans WR, Beasley VR (1995) J Org Chem 60:3671–3679
Itou Y, Ishida K, Shin SJ, Murakami M (1999) Tetrahedron 55:6871–6882
Harada K-I, Mayumi T, Shimada T, Suzuki M, Kondo F, Watanabe MF (1993) Tetrahedron Lett 34:6091–6094
Sano T, Takagi H, Kaya K (2004) Phytochemistry 65:2159–2162
Acknowledgements
The authors thank to Mss. Ukachi, Miura, and Nagano for much help in the preparation of the CRM, and also thank Dr. Uchida (Agilent technologies Inc., Tokyo, Japan) for LC-MS/MS experiments.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sano, T., Takagi, H., Nishikawa, M. et al. NIES certified reference material for microcystins, hepatotoxic cyclic peptide toxins from cyanobacterial blooms in eutrophic water bodies. Anal Bioanal Chem 391, 2005–2010 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2040-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-008-2040-x