Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Characterization of (13C24) T-2 toxin and its use as an internal standard for the quantification of T-2 toxin in cereals with HPLC–MS/MS

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this paper, the structure and the identity of fully 13C-substituted T-2 toxin were confirmed using high-resolution mass spectrometry, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, tandem mass spectrometry and HPLC–DAD. The purity of this compound was estimated to be at least 98.8% according to UV data. The isotopic distribution of (13C24) T-2 toxin indicated a total isotopic enrichment of 98.2 ± 1.0 atom% 13C, and the application of different MS measurement modes revealed the MS/MS fragmentation pattern of T-2 toxin. Furthermore, a stable isotope dilution mass spectrometry method for the quantification of T-2 toxin was developed using (13C24) T-2 toxin as internal standard. The method was evaluated with and without conventional clean-up and validated for maize and oats. Both cereals showed strong matrix enhancement effects, which could be compensated for through the application of the isotope-substituted internal standard.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bamburg JR, Riggs NV, Strong FM (1968) Tetrahedron 24:3329–3336

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Bennet JW, Klich M (2003) Clin Microbiol Rev 16:497–516

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) (2001) FAO Food and Nutrition Paper 74. FAO/WHO, Geneva (see http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v47je01.htm, cited 18 July 2007)

  4. Moss MO, Thrane U (2004) Toxicol Lett 153:23–28

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. EC (2006) Regulation 1881/2006. Off J Eur Union L364:5

    Google Scholar 

  6. EC (2006) Recommendation 576/2006. Off J Eur Union L229:7

    Google Scholar 

  7. Krska R, Baumgartner S, Josephs R (2001) Fresenius J Anal Chem 371:285–299

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Koch P (2004) Toxicol Lett 153:109–112

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Ler SG, Lee FK, Gopalakrishnakone P (2006) J Chromatogr A 1133:1–12

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Visconti A, Lattanzio VMT, Pascale M, Haidukowski M (2005) J Chromatogr A 175:151–158

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Tanaka H, Takino M, Sugita-Konishi Y, Tanaka T (2006) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:1422–1428

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Biancardi A, Gasparini M, Dall’Asta C, Marchelli R (2005) Food Addit Contam 22:251–258

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Berthiller F, Schuhmacher R, Buttinger G, Krska R (2005) J Chromatogr A 1062:209–216

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Biselli S, Hummert C (2005) Food Addit Contam 22:752–760

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Cavaliere C, Foglia P, Pastorini E, Samperi R, Lagana A (2005) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 19:2085–2093

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Sulyok M, Berthiller F, Krska R, Schuhmacher R (2006) Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 20:2649–2659

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Wallace EM, Pathre SV, Mirocha CJ, Robison TS, Fenton SW (1977) J Agric Food Chem 25:836–838

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Hagler WM, Mirocha CJ, Pathre SV (1981) Appl Environ Microbiol 41:1049–1051

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Michaud DP, Karger BL, Vouros P (1988) J Label Comp Radiopharm 25:345–348

    Google Scholar 

  20. Pawlosky RJ, Mirocha CJ, Wen Y, Abbas HK (1989) J Assoc Off Anal Chem 72:807–812

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Asam S, Rychlik M (2006) J Agric Food Chem 54(18):6535–6546

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Wegscheider W, Rohrer C, Neuböck R (1999) Validata: MS Excel macro for method validation, Ver. 3.02.48. Wegscheider–Rohrer–Neuböck, Leoben, Austria

  23. Blackwell BA, Greenhalgh R, Bain AD (1984) J Agric Food Chem 32:1078–1083

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Mesilaakso M, Moilanen M, Rahkamaa E (1989) Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 18:365–373

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Savard ME, Blackwell BA (1994) In: Miller JD, Trenholm HL (eds) Mycotoxins in grain. Eagan, St. Paul, MN, USA

  26. Häubl G, Berthiller F, Rechthaler J, Jaunecker G, Binder EM, Krska R, Schuhmacher R (2006) Food Addit Contam 23:1187–1193

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. EURACHEM/CITAC Guide (2000) Quantifying uncertainty in analytical measurement, 2nd edn. EURACHEM, Teddington, UK (see http://www.eurachem.org/guides/QUAM2000-1.pdf, cited 18 July 2007)

  28. Swanson SP, Ramaswamy V, Beasley VR, Buck, WB, Burmeister HH (1983) J AOAC Int 66 (4):909–912

    CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Christian Doppler Society and the Lower Austrian Government for the financial support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Christian Doppler Laboratory for Mycotoxin Research, Department for Agrobiotechnology (IFA-Tulln), University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Vienna, Konrad Lorenz Str. 20, 3430, Tulln, Austria

    G. Häubl, F. Berthiller, R. Krska & R. Schuhmacher

  2. Institute of Applied Synthetic Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/163, 1060, Vienna, Austria

    C. Hametner

  3. University of Applied Sciences Wr. Neustadt, Konrad Lorenz Str. 10, 3430, Tulln, Austria

    J. Rechthaler

  4. Biopure Referenzsubstanzen GmbH, Technopark 1, 3430, Tulln, Austria

    G. Jaunecker & M. Freudenschuss

Authors
  1. G. Häubl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. F. Berthiller
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. C. Hametner
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. J. Rechthaler
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. G. Jaunecker
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. M. Freudenschuss
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  7. R. Krska
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  8. R. Schuhmacher
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to R. Krska.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Häubl, G., Berthiller, F., Hametner, C. et al. Characterization of (13C24) T-2 toxin and its use as an internal standard for the quantification of T-2 toxin in cereals with HPLC–MS/MS. Anal Bioanal Chem 389, 931–940 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1493-7

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-007-1493-7

Keywords

Search

Navigation