Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Determination of TOCl, TOBr and TOI in drinking water by pyrolysis and off-line ion chromatography

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the optimum total organic halogen (TOX) protocol for use with ion chromatographic (IC) detection to analyze total organic chlorine (TOCl), bromine (TOBr), and iodine (TOI) in drinking water simultaneously. Two commercial analyzers (one using a pure O2 carrier and one using O2/CO2 mixture) and three commercially available activated carbons (two coconut-based and one bituminous coal-based) were examined in this study. Results showed that the pyrolytic analyzer using pure O2 and off-line IC combined with a standard TOX carbon (coconut-based) achieved the most complete recovery of TOCl, TOBr and TOI for both model compounds and real samples. There was no obvious difference between the two analyzers when used in microcoulometric detection mode. The TOX method is moderately sensitive to nitrate rinse volume. The monohaloacetic acids were partly washed out during sample preparation. This problem was solved by a modified nitrate rinsing solution.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price includes VAT (Netherlands)

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9
Fig. 10

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Kuhn W, Sontheimer H (1973) Vom Wasser 41:65–79

    Google Scholar 

  2. Jekel MR, Roberts PV (1980) Environ Sci Technol 14:970–975

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Dressman RC, Stevens AA (1983) J Am Water Works Assoc 75:431–434

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Stevens AA, Dressman RC, Sorrell RK, Brass HJ (1985) J Am Water Works Assoc 77:146–152

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Reckhow DA, Singer PC (1984) J Am Water Works Assoc 76:151–157

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Luong TV, Peters CJ, Perry R (1982) Environ Sci Technol 16:473–479

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Pourmoghaddas H, Stevens AA, Kinman RN, Dressman RC, Moore LA, Ireland JC (1993) J Am Water Works Assoc 85:82–87

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Bichsel Y, von Gunten U (2000) Environ Sci Technol 34:2784–2791

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Richardson S (2003) Anal Chem 75:2831–2857

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Lunde G, Gether J, Josefsson B (1975) Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 13:656–661

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Brandt G, Kettrup A (1987) Fresenius Z Anal Chem 327:213–219

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Oleksy-Frenzel J, Wischnack S, Jekel M (2000) Fresenius J Anal Chem 366:89–94

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Echigo S, Zhang X, Minear RA, Plewa MJ (2000) In Barrett SE, Krasner SW, Amy GL (eds) Natural organic matter and disinfection by-products: characterization and control in drinking water. ACS Symposium 761, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.

  14. Takahashi Y, Moore RT, Joyce RJ (1981) In Cooper WJ (ed) Chemistry in water reuse. Ann Arbor Sci Publ, Ann Arbor, MI

  15. Clesceri LS, Greenberg AE, Eaton AD (1998) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 20th edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, D.C.

Download references

Acknowledgements

This research was funded by AWWARF (project #2755). We thank the project officer, Djanette Khiari. The assistance from the City of Winnipeg and the City of Tulsa is highly appreciated.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA

    Guanghui Hua & David A. Reckhow

Authors
  1. Guanghui Hua
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David A. Reckhow
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. Reckhow.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Hua, G., Reckhow, D.A. Determination of TOCl, TOBr and TOI in drinking water by pyrolysis and off-line ion chromatography. Anal Bioanal Chem 384, 495–504 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0214-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-005-0214-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation