Synthesis and applications of poly(acrylp-aminobenzenesulfonamideamidine-p-aminobenzenesulfonylamide) chelating fiber for pre-concentrating and separating trace Bi(III), Hg(III), Au(III) and Pd(IV) from solution samples

Abstract

Poly(acrylp-aminobenzenesulfonamideamidine-p-aminobenzenesulfonylamide) chelating fiber containing "S", "N", and "O" elements was synthesized from polyacrylonitrile fiber and p-aminobenzene sulfonamide and used to enrich and separate trace Bi(III), Hg(III), Au(III), and Pd(IV) ions from wastewater and ore sample solution. The enrichment acidity, flow rate, elution conditions, reuse, interference ions, saturated adsorption capacity, constant of adsorption rate, analytical accuracy, and actual samples on chelating fiber were investigated by means of inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) with satisfactory results. Solutions of 100 ng mL⁻¹ of Bi(III), Hg(III), Au(III), and Pd(IV) ions can be enriched quantitatively by this chelating fiber at a rate of 1.0 mL min⁻¹ at pH 4 and desorbed quantitatively with 20 mL of 0.25 M HCl and 2% CS(NH₂)₂ solution at 50 °C (with recovery ≥97%). When the chelating fiber was reused for 20 times, the recoveries of the analyzed ions enriched by the fiber were still over 95% (except for Hg(III)). One thousand-fold excesses of Mn²⁺, Ca²⁺, Zn²⁺, Mg²⁺, Fe³⁺, Cu²⁺, Ni²⁺, Al³⁺, and Ba²⁺ ions and thousands-fold excesses of Na⁺ and K⁺ cause little interference in the pre-concentration and determination of the analyzed ions. The saturated adsorption capacity of Bi(III), Hg(III), Au(III), and Pd(IV) was 4.850×10⁻⁴, 3.235×10⁻⁴, 2.807×10⁻⁴, and 3.386×10⁻⁴ mol g⁻¹, respectively. The constants of adsorption rate were 0.409 min⁻¹ for Bi, 0.122 min⁻¹ for Hg, 0.039 min⁻¹ for Au, and 0.080 min⁻¹ for Pd. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) for the enrichment and determination of 10 ng mL⁻¹ Bi(III), Hg(III), Au(III), and Pd(IV) were lower than 2.3%. The results obtained for these ions in actual samples by this method were basically in agreement with the given values with average errors of less than 1.0%. FT-IR spectra shows that the existence of –SO₂–Ar, –H₂N–Ar, O=C–NH–, HN=C–NH–, and –HN–SO₂ functional groups are verified in the chelating fiber. From the FT-IR spectroscopy, we can see that Hg(III), Au(III), and Pd(IV) are mainly combined with nitrogen and sulfur (or oxygen), and Bi(III) is mainly combined with nitrogen (or oxygen) of the groups to form a chelating complex.