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Overcoming systematic DFT errors for hydrocarbon reaction energies

Theoretical Chemistry Accounts volume 127, pages 429–442 (2010)Cite this article

Abstract

Despite the widespread use and numerous successful applications of density functional theory, descriptions of hydrocarbon reaction energies remain problematic. Illustrative examples include large underestimation of energies associated with alkane bond separation reactions and poor general description of intramolecular dispersion in hydrocarbons (e.g., B3LYP, MAD = 14.1 kcal mol−1). More recent, but not readily availably functionals, along with efficient posteriori corrections, not only show considerable improvement in the energy description of hydrocarbons but also help identify the sources of error in traditional DFT. Interactions in branched alkanes and compact hydrocarbons are adequately mimicked by systems compressed below their typical van der Waals distances. At these distances, standard DFT exchange functionals are overly repulsive for non-bonded density overlaps, and significant improvement is offered by the long-range corrected exchange functionals (e.g., LC-BLYP0.33, MAD = 5.5 kcal mol−1). For those systems, the neglect of long-range dispersion is found to be a critical shortcoming, as well as “overlap dispersion”, for which non-negligible amounts are captured by the correlation functional. Accounting for the missing dispersion interactions is of key importance. Accordingly, most noteworthy improvements over standard functionals are obtained by using non-local van der Waals density functionals (e.g., LC-S-VV09, MAD = 3.6 kcal mol−1, rPW86-VV09, MAD = 5.8 kcal mol−1), a dispersion corrected double hybrid (B2PLYP-D, MAD = 2.5 kcal mol−1), or by the addition of an atom pairwise density-dependent dispersion correction to a standard functional (e.g., PBE-dDXDM, MAD = 0.8 kcal mol−1). To a lesser extent, the reduction of the delocalization error (e.g., MCY3, MAD = 6.3 kcal mol−1) or careful parameter fitting (e.g., M06-2X, MAD = 5.6 kcal mol−1) also lowers the errors.

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Acknowledgments

C.C. acknowledges the Sandoz family foundation, the Swiss NSF Grant 200021_121577/1, and EPFL for financial support. We are grateful to Aron Cohen for providing the binary version of CADPAC 6.5.

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  1. Matthew D. Wodrich

    Present address: School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

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  1. Laboratory for Computational Molecular Design, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Institut des Sciences et Ingénierie Chimiques, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland

    Stephan N. Steinmann, Matthew D. Wodrich & Clemence Corminboeuf

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Steinmann, S.N., Wodrich, M.D. & Corminboeuf, C. Overcoming systematic DFT errors for hydrocarbon reaction energies. Theor Chem Acc 127, 429–442 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00214-010-0818-3

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Keywords

  • Density functional theory
  • Weak intramolecular interactions
  • Hydrocarbon energies