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Exogenous growth hormone administration during total sleep deprivation changed the microRNA-9 and dopamine D2 receptor expressions followed by improvement in the hippocampal synaptic potential, spatial cognition, and inflammation in rats

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Abstract

Rationale

Disorders caused by total sleep deprivation can be modulated by the administration of growth hormone, which could affect the expression of microRNA-9 and dopamine D2 receptor expressions followed by improvement in the hippocampal synaptic potential, spatial cognition, and inflammation in rats.

Objectives

The present study aimed to elucidate the putative effects of exogenous growth hormone (GH) against total sleep deprivation (TSD)-induced learning and memory dysfunctions and possible involved mechanisms.

Methods

To induce TSD, rats were housed in homemade special cages equipped with stainless steel wire conductors to induce general and inconsistent TSD. They received a mild repetitive electric shock to their paws every 10 min for 21 days. GH (1 mg/kg, sc) was administered to adult young male rats once daily for 21-day-duration induction of TSD. Spatial learning and memory performance, inflammatory status, microRNA-9 (miR-9) expression, dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) protein level, and hippocampal histological changes were assayed at scheduled times after TSD.

Results

The results indicated that TSD impaired spatial cognition, increased TNF-α, decreased level of miR-9, and increased DRD2 levels. Treatment with exogenous GH improved spatial cognition, decreased TNF-α, increased level of miR-9, and decreased DRD2 levels after TSD.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that GH may play a key role in the modulation of learning and memory disorders as well as the ameliorating abnormal DRD2-related functional disorders associated with miR-9 in TSD.

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Data availability

The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

This article was extracted from Mrs. Parisa Arvin’s Ph.D. thesis (APRC-0005) and its complementary research project (APRC-01-07) in combination. These research works were approved and carried out at Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, and were financially supported by the Vice Chancellor of Research, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Physiology, Medicine Faculty, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Parisa Arvin, Samireh Ghafouri, Kowsar Bavarsad, Alireza Sarkaki & Yaghoob Farbood

  2. Persian Gulf Physiology Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Parisa Arvin, Samireh Ghafouri, Kowsar Bavarsad, Somayeh Hajipour, Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam, Alireza Sarkaki & Yaghoob Farbood

  3. Department of Anatomical Sciences, Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Medical Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Esrafil Mansouri

  4. Medicinal Plant Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran

    Alireza Sarkaki

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  1. Parisa Arvin
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  2. Samireh Ghafouri
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Parisa Arvin: conceptualization, formal analysis, investigation, resources, writing of the original draft, and project administration; Samireh Ghafouri: validation and resources; Kowsar Bavarsad: resources and data curation; Somayeh Hajipour: validation and writing of the original draft; Seyed Esmaeil Khoshnam: writing, review, and editing; Esrafil Mansouri: resources and data curation; Alireza Sarkaki: conceptualization, methodology, writing, review, editing, and project administration; Yaghoob Farbood: writing, review, editing, and supervision. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Alireza Sarkaki or Yaghoob Farbood.

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The ethics governing the use and conduct of experiments on animals were strictly observed, and all procedures used in this study were done according to National Institute of Health (NIH) and were approved by the Local Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS) (Ethic codes: IR.AJUMS.REC.1400.163, IR.AJUMS.ABHC.REC.1401-041).

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Arvin, P., Ghafouri, S., Bavarsad, K. et al. Exogenous growth hormone administration during total sleep deprivation changed the microRNA-9 and dopamine D2 receptor expressions followed by improvement in the hippocampal synaptic potential, spatial cognition, and inflammation in rats. Psychopharmacology 240, 1299–1312 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-023-06369-9

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