Abstract
Rationale
Strategies are needed to decrease the abuse liability of mu opioid receptor (MOR) agonists. One strategy under consideration is to combine MOR agonists with kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists.
Objectives
The effects of KOR agonists (U50488, nalfurafine) on fentanyl-vs.-food choice were compared under conditions where the KOR agonists were added to the intravenously self-administered fentanyl (contingent delivery) or administered as subcutaneous pretreatments (non-contingent delivery) in male and female rats.
Methods
Rats were trained to respond under a concurrent schedule of fentanyl (0, 0.32–10 μg/kg/infusion) and food reinforcement. In experiment 1, U50488 and nalfurafine were co-administered with fentanyl as fixed-proportion mixtures (contingent administration). In experiment 2, U50488 (1–10 mg/kg) and nalfurafine (3.2–32 μg/kg) were administered as acute pretreatments (non-contingent administration). The selective KOR antagonist, nor-BNI (32 mg/kg), was administered prior to contingent and non-contingent KOR-agonist treatment in experiment 3.
Results
Both U50488 and nalfurafine decreased fentanyl choice when administered contingently, demonstrating that KOR agonists punish opioid choice. However, evidence for punishment corresponded with an elimination of operant responding in the majority of rats. Non-contingent U50488 and nalfurafine administration only decreased the number of choices made during the behavioral session without altering fentanyl choice. Contingent and non-contingent KOR-agonist effects on fentanyl choice were both attenuated by nor-BNI.
Conclusions
These results illustrate that the effects of KOR agonists on fentanyl reinforcement are dependent upon the contingencies under which they are administered.
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The manuscript content is solely the responsibility of the author and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the National Institutes of Health. The author would like to thank Dr. Matthew L. Banks, Dr. Kevin B. Freeman, and Mr. C. Austin Zamarripa for comments on an earlier version of the manuscript.
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This work was supported by (1) a Research Grant awarded by the Virginia Commonwealth University Postdoctoral Association, (2) the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers F32DA047026 and P30DA033934, and (3) the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism and the National Institute on Drug Abuse Intramural Research Programs.
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Townsend, E.A. Effects of kappa opioid receptor agonists on fentanyl vs. food choice in male and female rats: contingent vs. non-contingent administration. Psychopharmacology 238, 1017–1028 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05749-9
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05749-9