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The effects of nicotine and cannabis co-use during adolescence and young adulthood on white matter cerebral blood flow estimates

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Abstract

Rationale

Co-use of cannabis and nicotine is common among adolescents/young adults and is associated with poorer psychological and physical outcomes, compared with single substance use. Little is known about the impact of co-use on the developing brain.

Objectives

Preliminary investigation of the effects of nicotine on white matter (WM) cerebral blood flow (CBF) in adolescents/young adults and its potential moderation by cannabis use.

Methods

Adolescent/young adult (16–22 years old) nicotine and tobacco product users (NTP; N = 37) and non-nicotine users (non-NTP; N = 26) underwent a neuroimaging session comprised of anatomical, optimized pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling, and diffusion tensor imaging scans. Groups were compared on whole-brain WM CBF estimates and their relation to past-year cannabis use. Follow-up analyses assessed correlations between identified CBF clusters and corresponding fractional anisotropy (FA) values.

Results

Group by cannabis effects were observed in five clusters (voxel-wise alpha < 0.001, cluster-wise alpha < 0.05; ≥ 11 contiguous voxels): non-NTP exhibited positive correlations between CBF and cannabis use in all clusters, whereas no significant relationships were observed for NTP. Greater CBF extracted from one cluster (including portions of right superior longitudinal fasciculus) was associated with reduced FA for non-NTP group only.

Conclusions

This is the first investigation of WM health as indexed by CBF, and its association with FA, in adolescents/young adults with nicotine and/or cannabis use. Results suggest that cannabis use by itself may be related to increased CBF in WM fiber tracts demonstrating poorer structural intergrity, yet the occurrence of even infrequent NTP use (greater than once per month) appears to diminish this relationship.

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Funding

This research is supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse grants U01 DA041089 and R21 DA047953 and the California Tobacco-Related Disease Research Grants Program Office of the University of California grants 580264 and T30IP0962.

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  1. Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, MC 0405, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA

    Kelly E. Courtney, Rachel Baca, Neal Doran & Joanna Jacobus

  2. Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Neal Doran

  3. Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA

    Aaron Jacobson & Thomas T. Liu

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  1. Kelly E. Courtney
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Correspondence to Joanna Jacobus.

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Courtney, K.E., Baca, R., Doran, N. et al. The effects of nicotine and cannabis co-use during adolescence and young adulthood on white matter cerebral blood flow estimates. Psychopharmacology 237, 3615–3624 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-020-05640-7

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