Abstract
Rationale
Early-life environment influences reinforcer and drug motivation in adulthood; however, the impact on specific components of motivation, including hedonic value (“liking”), remains unknown.
Objectives
The current study determined whether differential rearing alters liking and aversive responding to ethanol, sucrose, and quinine in an ethanol-naïve rat model.
Methods
Male and female rats were reared for 30 days starting at postnatal day 21 in either an enriched (EC), isolated (IC), or standard condition (SC). Thereafter, all rats had indwelling intraoral fistulae implanted and their taste reactivity to water, ethanol (5, 10, 20, 30, 40% v/v), sucrose (0.1, 0.25, 0.5 M), and quinine (0.1, 0.5 mM) was recorded and analyzed.
Results
EC rats had higher amounts of liking responses to ethanol, sucrose, and quinine and higher amounts of aversive responses to ethanol and quinine compared to IC rats. While EC and IC rats’ responses were different from each other, they both tended to be similar to SCs, who fell in between the EC and IC groups.
Conclusions
These results suggest that environmental enrichment may enhance sensitivity to a variety of tastants, thereby enhancing liking, while isolation may dull sensitivity, thereby dulling liking. Altogether, the evidence suggests that isolated rats have a shift in the allostatic set-point which may, in part, drive increased responding for a variety of rewards including ethanol and sucrose. Enriched rats have enhanced liking of both sucrose and ethanol suggesting that enrichment may offer a unique phenotype with divergent preferences for incentive motivation.
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Acknowledgments
Research reported in this publication was supported by Kansas State University and the Cognitive and Neurobiological Approaches to Plasticity (CNAP) Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE) of the National Institutes of Health under grant number P20GM113109. Special thanks to Tucker Allen, Mykenzi Allison, Megan Bloedel, R. Maxwell Campbell, Chase Cunningham, Joanne Gomendoza, Bree Humburg, Lily Marshall, Jared Rack, P. Mateo Small, Riley Stearns, and Shea Taylor for all their help with running and scoring taste reactivity for this project.
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Wukitsch, T.J., Brase, E.C., Moser, T.J. et al. Differential rearing alters taste reactivity to ethanol, sucrose, and quinine. Psychopharmacology 237, 583–597 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05394-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-019-05394-x