Tobacco smoke containing high or low levels of nicotine during adolescence: effects on novelty-seeking and anxiety-like behaviors in mice

Abreu-Villaça, Yael; Filgueiras, Cláudio C.; Correa-Santos, Monique; Cavina, Cristiane C.; Naiff, Victor F.; Krahe, Thomas E.; Manhães, Alex C.; Ribeiro-Carvalho, Anderson

doi:10.1007/s00213-014-3801-1

Original Investigation
Published: 18 November 2014

Tobacco smoke containing high or low levels of nicotine during adolescence: effects on novelty-seeking and anxiety-like behaviors in mice

Yael Abreu-Villaça¹,
Cláudio C. Filgueiras¹,
Monique Correa-Santos¹,
Cristiane C. Cavina¹,
Victor F. Naiff¹,
Thomas E. Krahe^1,2,
Alex C. Manhães¹ &
Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho³

Psychopharmacology volume 232, pages 1693–1703 (2015)Cite this article

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Abstract

Rationale

Thousands of adolescents start smoking daily but information on the effects of tobacco exposure on this age group is scarce. Moreover, the available animal models rely on the effects of nicotine, neglecting other neuroactive components of tobacco.

Objectives

We investigated the effects of exposure of adolescent mice to tobacco smoke generated from cigarettes containing either high or low levels of nicotine on novelty seeking and anxiety-like behaviors.

Methods

From postnatal day (PN) 30 to 45, male and female Swiss mice were exposed to tobacco smoke (whole body exposure, 8 h/day, 7 days/week) generated from 2R1F (HighNic group: 1.74 mg nicotine/cigarette) or 4A1 (LowNic group: 0.14 mg nicotine/cigarette) research cigarettes, whereas control mice were exposed to ambient air. By the end (PN44–45), shortly (PN49–50), or long after (PN74–75) exposure, mice were tested on the elevated plus maze and on the hole board.

Results

While HighNic mice presented an increased number of head-dips (increased novelty-seeking) and decreased grooming (increased anxiety-like behavior) by the end of adolescent exposure, only the latter effect persisted shortly after its end. Distinctively, LowNic mice presented reduced head-dips both by the end and shortly after exposure as well as decreased grooming shortly and long after the end of exposure. Interestingly, only HighNic mice presented detectable cotinine (nicotine metabolite) serum levels (109.1 ± 24.0 ng/ml).

Conclusion

Our results demonstrate that even adolescent exposure to tobacco smoke with very low nicotine content can have significant short- and long-term behavioral effects, supporting the hypothesis that adolescents can be particularly vulnerable to the effects of cigarette consumption.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by grants and fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq-BRAZIL) and by fellowships from Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ-BRAZIL) and Sub-reitoria de Pós-graduação e Pesquisa da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (SR2-UERJ). The authors are thankful to Ulisses Risso for animal care.

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Laboratório de Neurofisiologia, Departamento de Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Biologia Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (UERJ), Av. Prof. Manuel de Abreu 444, 5 andar – Vila Isabel, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20550-170, Brazil
Yael Abreu-Villaça, Cláudio C. Filgueiras, Monique Correa-Santos, Cristiane C. Cavina, Victor F. Naiff, Thomas E. Krahe & Alex C. Manhães
Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center, Richmond, VA, 23298, USA
Thomas E. Krahe
Departamento de Ciências, Faculdade de Formação de Professores, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Dr. Francisco Portela 1470-Patronato, São Gonçalo, RJ, 24435-005, Brazil
Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho

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Yael Abreu-Villaça
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Cláudio C. Filgueiras
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Monique Correa-Santos
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Cristiane C. Cavina
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Victor F. Naiff
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Thomas E. Krahe
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Alex C. Manhães
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Anderson Ribeiro-Carvalho
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Correspondence to Yael Abreu-Villaça.

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Abreu-Villaça, Y., Filgueiras, C.C., Correa-Santos, M. et al. Tobacco smoke containing high or low levels of nicotine during adolescence: effects on novelty-seeking and anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Psychopharmacology 232, 1693–1703 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3801-1

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Received: 30 May 2014
Accepted: 31 October 2014
Published: 18 November 2014
Issue Date: May 2015
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3801-1

Keywords

Cigarette
Adolescent
Development
Drug of abuse
Denicotinized
Smoking