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The beneficial effect of oxytocin on avoidance-related facial emotion recognition depends on early life stress experience

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Abstract

Rationale

Previous studies have shown that oxytocin (OXT) enhances social cognitive processes. It has also been demonstrated that OXT does not uniformly facilitate social cognition. The effects of OXT administration strongly depend on the exposure to stressful experiences in early life. Emotional facial recognition is crucial for social cognition. However, no study has yet examined how the effects of OXT on the ability to identify emotional faces are altered by early life stress (ELS) experiences. Given the role of OXT in modulating social motivational processes, we specifically aimed to investigate its effects on the recognition of approach- and avoidance-related facial emotions.

Methods

In a double-blind, between-subjects, placebo-controlled design, 82 male participants performed an emotion recognition task with faces taken from the “Karolinska Directed Emotional Faces” set. We clustered the six basic emotions along the dimensions approach (happy, surprise, anger) and avoidance (fear, sadness, disgust). ELS was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ).

Results

Our results showed that OXT improved the ability to recognize avoidance-related emotional faces as compared to approach-related emotional faces. Whereas the performance for avoidance-related emotions in participants with higher ELS scores was comparable in both OXT and placebo condition, OXT enhanced emotion recognition in participants with lower ELS scores. Independent of OXT administration, we observed increased emotion recognition for avoidance-related faces in participants with high ELS scores.

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that the investigation of OXT on social recognition requires a broad approach that takes ELS experiences as well as motivational processes into account.

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Conflicts of interest

All authors report no potential conflict of interest or financial interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Cluster of Excellence “Languages of Emotion”, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Melanie Feeser, Yan Fan, Anne Weigand, Matti Gärtner, Sabine Aust, Malek Bajbouj & Simone Grimm

  2. Department of Psychiatry, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Charité Berlin, Eschenallee 3, 14050, Berlin, Germany

    Melanie Feeser, Yan Fan, Anne Weigand, Matti Gärtner, Sabine Aust, Malek Bajbouj & Simone Grimm

  3. Dahlem Institute for Neuroimaging of Emotion, Freie Universität Berlin, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Melanie Feeser, Yan Fan, Anne Weigand, Matti Gärtner, Sabine Aust, Malek Bajbouj & Simone Grimm

  4. Social Cognition Center Cologne, University of Cologne, Richard-Strauss-Str. 2, 50931, Cologne, Germany

    Adam Hahn

  5. Clinic for Affective Disorders and General Psychiatry, Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich, 8032, Zurich, Switzerland

    Heinz Böker & Simone Grimm

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  1. Melanie Feeser
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  2. Yan Fan
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Correspondence to Melanie Feeser.

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M. Bajbouj and S. Grimm contributed equally to the manuscript.

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Feeser, M., Fan, Y., Weigand, A. et al. The beneficial effect of oxytocin on avoidance-related facial emotion recognition depends on early life stress experience. Psychopharmacology 231, 4735–4744 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-014-3631-1

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