Abstract
Rationale
Both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs are D2 receptor antagonists but yet appear to have markedly different effects upon the induction of dopamine sensitization.
Objective
This study aims to compare the effects of subchronic regimens of low-dose olanzapine and haloperidol administered to rats previously sensitized to apomorphine.
Methods
Initially, rats received apomorphine (2.0 mg/kg) or vehicle treatments for five consecutive days followed by a conditioning test and an apomorphine challenge test. Next, there was an antipsychotic exposure phase in which three vehicle groups and three apomorphine groups received 10 daily injections of either vehicle, haloperidol (0.03 mg/kg) or olanzapine (0.01 mg/kg). In the final phase, all groups were given a second conditioning test and apomorphine challenge test.
Results
Apomorphine induced sensitization and conditioning effects. Following haloperidol exposure, apomorphine conditioned and sensitization effects were potentiated but, in contrast, olanzapine exposure eliminated apomorphine sensitization effects. In addition, the sensitization induced by apomorphine transformed the low-dose haloperidol treatment into a potent locomotor stimulant treatment. In the vehicle groups, haloperidol and olanzapine exposure effects were equivalent and not different from vehicle treatment.
Conclusions
The profound differences observed between typical and atypical antipsychotic exposure in animals with an upregulated dopamine system are consistent with clinical evidence for lower risk of psychomotor disturbances with chronic treatment with atypical antipsychotic. Importantly, the finding that a very low dose of olanzapine reversed sensitization effects suggests that low-dose olanzapine may have clinical utility in a variety of disorders linked to sensitization of the dopamine system.
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Acknowledgments
FRCD is a recipient of a fellowship from FAPERJ-Brazil, JMMB is a recipient of a fellowship from CAPES-Brazil, and MPC is a CNPq research fellow. We thank Dr. Richard Ian Samuels for revision of the text. The experiments were performed in compliance with the recommendations of the US National Institutes of Health Guide for Care and Use of Laboratory Animals.
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Dias, F.R.C., de Mello Bastos, J.M., de Fátima dos Santos Sampaio, M. et al. Opposite effects of typical and atypical anti-psychotic drugs on sensitized dopamine receptors: Sub-chronic low dose Olanzapine exposure reverses sensitization but a similar regimen of low dose haloperidol potentiates sensitization effects. Psychopharmacology 230, 579–588 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3184-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3184-8