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Acute effects of ayahuasca on neuropsychological performance: differences in executive function between experienced and occasional users

Psychopharmacology volume 230, pages 415–424 (2013)Cite this article

Abstract

Background

Ayahuasca, a South American psychotropic plant tea containing the psychedelic 5-HT2A receptor agonist N,N-dimethyltryptamine, has been shown to increase regional cerebral blood flow in prefrontal brain regions after acute administration to humans. Despite interactions at this level, neuropsychological studies have not found cognitive deficits in abstinent long-term users.

Objectives

Here, we wished to investigate the effects of acute ayahuasca intake on neuropsychological performance, specifically on working memory and executive function.

Methods

Twenty-four ayahuasca users (11 long-term experienced users and 13 occasional users) were assessed in their habitual setting using the Stroop, Sternberg, and Tower of London tasks prior to and following ayahuasca intake.

Results

Errors in the Sternberg task increased, whereas reaction times in the Stroop task decreased and accuracy was maintained for the whole sample following ayahuasca intake. Interestingly, results in the Tower of London showed significantly increased execution and resolution times and number of movements for the occasional but not the experienced users. Additionally, a correlation analysis including all subjects showed that impaired performance in the Tower of London was inversely correlated with lifetime ayahuasca use.

Conclusions

Acute ayahuasca administration impaired working memory but decreased stimulus–response interference. Interestingly, detrimental effects on higher cognition were only observed in the less experienced group. Rather than leading to increased impairment, greater prior exposure to ayahuasca was associated with reduced incapacitation. Compensatory or neuromodulatory effects associated with long-term ayahuasca intake could underlie preserved executive function in experienced users.

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank the study volunteers for their participation. The present study was funded in part by a grant from the Spanish Plan Nacional Sobre Drogas PNSD 2006/074.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Human Experimental Neuropsychopharmacology, Sant Pau Institute of Biomedical Research (IIB-Sant Pau), C/Sant Antoni María Claret, 167, 08025, Barcelona, Spain

    José Carlos Bouso & Jordi Riba

  2. Centre d’Investigació de Medicaments. Servei de Farmacologia Clínica, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain

    José Carlos Bouso, Rosa Maria Antonijoan & Jordi Riba

  3. Departament de Farmacologia i Terapèutica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain

    José Carlos Bouso, Rosa Maria Antonijoan & Jordi Riba

  4. Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, CIBERSAM http://www.cibersam.es/cibersam_en

    Rosa Maria Antonijoan & Jordi Riba

  5. ICEERS—International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research, and Service, Halsteren, The Netherlands

    José Carlos Bouso

  6. Centre d’Investigació i Tractament d’Addiccions (CITA), 08039, Barcelona, Spain

    Josep Maria Fábregas

  7. Institut d’Etnospicologia Amazonica Aplicada, Amazonas, Brazil

    Josep Maria Fábregas

  8. Cognition and Brain Plasticity Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L’Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, 08097, Spain

    Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells

  9. Department of Basic Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 08035, Spain

    Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells

  10. Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, ICREA, Barcelona, Spain

    Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells

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  1. José Carlos Bouso
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  2. Josep Maria Fábregas
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  3. Rosa Maria Antonijoan
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  4. Antoni Rodríguez-Fornells
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  5. Jordi Riba
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Correspondence to Jordi Riba.

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Bouso, J.C., Fábregas, J.M., Antonijoan, R.M. et al. Acute effects of ayahuasca on neuropsychological performance: differences in executive function between experienced and occasional users. Psychopharmacology 230, 415–424 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-013-3167-9

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