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Abuse potential of carbohydrates for overweight carbohydrate cravers

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Abstract

Rationale

The long-rejected construct of food addiction is undergoing re-examination.

Objectives

To evaluate whether a novel carbohydrate food shows abuse potential for rigorously defined carbohydrate cravers, as evidenced by selective self-administration and mood enhancement during double-blind discrimination testing.

Materials and methods

Discrete trials choice testing was performed with 61 overweight (BMI m = 27.64, SD = 2.59) women (ages 18–45; 19.70% African American) whose diet records showed >4 weekly afternoon/evening emotional-eating episodes confined to snacks with carbohydrate to protein ratio of >6:1. After being induced into a sad mood, participants were exposed, double-blind and in counterbalanced order, to taste-matched carbohydrate and protein beverages. They were asked to choose and self-administer the drink that made them feel better.

Results

Women overwhelmingly chose the carbohydrate beverage, even though blinded. Mixed-effects regression modeling, controlling for beverage order, revealed greater liking and greater reduction in dysphoria after administration of the carbohydrate beverage compared to the protein beverage but no differential effect on vigor.

Conclusion

For women who crave them, carbohydrates appear to display abuse potential, plausibly contributing to overconsumption and overweight.

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Acknowledgments

Supported by NIH grant HL63307 to Dr. Spring and by NIH grants P30 CA060553 and R25 CA100600. We express appreciation to Jillon Vander Wal and Andrea Kozak for helpful comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Illinois—Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Bonnie Spring, Kristin Schneider, Malaina Smith, Darla Kendzor, Donald Hedeker & Sherry Pagoto

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine, Northwestern University, 680 N. Lakeshore Drive, Suite 1220, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA

    Bonnie Spring, Malaina Smith & Bradley Appelhans

  3. Hines Hospital, VA Medical Center, Hines, IL, USA

    Bonnie Spring & Sherry Pagoto

Authors
  1. Bonnie Spring
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  2. Kristin Schneider
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  3. Malaina Smith
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  6. Donald Hedeker
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  7. Sherry Pagoto
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Correspondence to Bonnie Spring.

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Spring, B., Schneider, K., Smith, M. et al. Abuse potential of carbohydrates for overweight carbohydrate cravers. Psychopharmacology 197, 637–647 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1085-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-008-1085-z

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