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Increased temporal patterns in choice responding and altered cognitive processes in schizophrenia and mania

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Abstract

Rationale

The THEME method for measuring time-determined patterns (T-patterns) in behavior has been suggested as a new, more objective method for assessing cognitive disturbances in schizophrenia.

Objectives

THEME was used to compare responses of schizophrenic patients with those having mood, schizoaffective, or severe anxiety disorders, and with healthy control subjects.

Methods

A two-choice, button-pressing task was used to elicit T-patterns among responses, with knowledge-of-results (K) rewards and coin reinforcements (RF) as reinforcers. Subjects were compared by diagnosis, drug treatment, and gender.

Results

Schizophrenic and manic patients showed excessive numbers of, and more complex T-patterns than controls. Schizophrenic and manic patients frequently demonstrated repetitive (stereotyped) responding, an effect never seen in healthy controls. Although clozapine (CLZ) reduced both excessive T-pattern structure and stereotyped responding, it also reduced growth of responding to the coin RF.

Conclusions

Significant T-pattern increases may represent a common, time-related symptom of schizophrenia and mania. CLZ’s effect on T-pattern production suggests that receptor effects other than the DAD2 antagonism of “typical” neuroleptics’ may be relevant to these findings.

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Acknowledgements

The excellent technical assistance of Amanda Whitehead and Tearani Galbreath is gratefully acknowledged. We are also indebted to Nancy Lyon for permission to use the original database for this THEME analysis and for valuable discussions regarding this study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Neurocognitive Development Laboratory, University of Southern California, CEM Building, Room 206, University Park, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA

    Melvin Lyon

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Building 3, 101 The City Drive South, Orange, CA 92868-3298, USA

    Aaron S. Kemp

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  1. Melvin Lyon
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  2. Aaron S. Kemp
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Correspondence to Melvin Lyon.

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Lyon, M., Kemp, A.S. Increased temporal patterns in choice responding and altered cognitive processes in schizophrenia and mania. Psychopharmacology 172, 211–219 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1646-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00213-003-1646-0

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