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Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and medical uses of Oldenlandia (family Rubaceae): a review

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Abstract

The Oldenlandia genus comprises approximately 240 species of plants, yet only a limited number of these have been investigated for their chemical composition and medicinal properties. These species contain a wide range of compounds such as iridoids, anthraquinones, triterpenes, phytosterols, flavonoids, anthocyanidins, vitamins, essential oils, phenolic acids, and coumarins. These diverse phytochemical profiles underscore the pharmacological potential of Oldenlandia plants for various medical purposes. Among other chemical constituents, ursolic acid stands out as the most important active compound in Oldenlandia, owing to its proven anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and hepatoprotective properties. The evaluation of Oldenlandia’s pharmacological prospects indicates that the holistic utilization of the entire plant yields the most significant effects. Oldenlandia diffusa showcases anticancer and anti-inflammatory capabilities attributed to its varying constituents. Across a broad spectrum of pharmacological capacities, anticancer research predominates, constituting the majority of medical uses. Oldenlandia diffusa emerges as a standout for its remarkable anticancer effects against diverse malignancies. Antioxidant applications follow, with O. corymbosa demonstrating potent antioxidant properties alongside O. umbellata and O. diffusa. Subsequent priority lies in anti-inflammatory studies, wherein O. diffusa exhibits noteworthy efficacy, trailed by O. corymbosa also takes the lead in antimicrobial activity, with O. umbellata as a strong contender. Additional investigation is essential to ascertain the relative significance of these species in various pharmacological applications. This comprehensive assessment underscores the multifaceted potential of Oldenlandia as a versatile herbal resource, offering diverse pharmacological capacities. The call for sustained exploration and research remains essential to unlock the full extent of Oldenlandia’s medicinal benefits.

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Data sharing of this article is available upon request to the corresponding author.

Abbreviations

AChE:

acetylcholinesterase

AMPK:

Adenosine monophosphate–activated protein kinase

BALB/c:

Bagg Albino mice

BDNF:

brain-derived neurotrophic factor

CCl4:

carbon tetrachloride

ERα:

estrogen receptor alpha

ERK:

extracellular signal-Regulated kinase

IC50:

half-maximal inhibitory concentration

ICAM-1:

intercellular adhesion molecule

IL:

interleukin

MAPK:

mitogen-activated protein kinase

MMP-9:

matrix metalloproteinase-9

NF-κB:

nuclear factor kappa B

NF-B:

nuclear factor-κB

O. :

Oldenlandia

PANC-1:

pancreatic carcinoma-1

p-CREB:

phospho-cAMP response element-binding protein

TLR4:

toll-like receptor 4

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  1. Department of Animal Production, College of Agriculture, Al-Qasim Green University, Al-Qasim 8, Babil, 51001, Iraq

    Mohammed Baqur S. Al-Shuhaib

  2. College of Medicine, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, 56001, Iraq

    Jafar M. B. Al-Shuhaib

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Al-Shuhaib, M.B.S., Al-Shuhaib, J.M.B. Phytochemistry, pharmacology, and medical uses of Oldenlandia (family Rubaceae): a review. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 397, 2021–2053 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-023-02756-3

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