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Antiepileptogenic effects of borneol in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice

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Abstract

Borneol, a bicyclic monoterpene, can easily cross the blood brain barrier and was found to possess gamma amino butyric acid (GABA) modulatory effect. The present study was aimed at investigating the antiepileptogenic effect of borneol in the pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced kindling besides its ability to suppress oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory marker, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP). Repeated administration of a subconvulsive dose of PTZ (35 mg/kg, i.p.) on every alternate day for 4 weeks produced kindling in mice. Borneol (5, 10, and 25 mg/kg, i.p.) and diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.) were given as a pretreatment prior to each PTZ injection during the progression of kindling. Oxidative stress parameters such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) were assessed at the end of the study. Neuronal damage was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin staining technique. GFAP was also evaluated in the hippocampus region of the brain by using immunohistochemistry. Borneol significantly suppressed the process of epileptogenesis in PTZ-kindled mice. The biochemical alterations induced by PTZ kindling were ameliorated in borneol-treated animals which was indicated by decreased LPO and increased SOD, GSH, CAT levels. The distinct neuronal damage observed in the kindled group was counteracted by borneol. Furthermore, it decreased the levels of GFAP which was manifested by reduced immunostaining. The above results are suggestive of the antiepileptogenic potential of borneol in the PTZ-induced kindling model of epilepsy, and thus, it could be a prospective molecule in the treatment of epilepsy.

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Abbreviations

PTZ:

Pentylenetetrazole

GFAP:

Glial fibrillary acidic protein

GABA:

Gamma aminobutyric acid

MES:

Maximal electroshock

SOD:

Superoxide dismutase

CAT:

Catalase

GSH:

Reduced glutathione

LPO:

Lipid peroxidation

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by University grants commission (UGC), New Delhi, India.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology, Nathalal Parekh Marg, Matunga, Mumbai-19, Maharashtra, India

    Rufi Tambe, Pankaj Jain, Sachin Patil, Priya Ghumatkar & Sadhana Sathaye

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  1. Rufi Tambe
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  2. Pankaj Jain
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  3. Sachin Patil
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  5. Sadhana Sathaye
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Correspondence to Sadhana Sathaye.

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Tambe, R., Jain, P., Patil, S. et al. Antiepileptogenic effects of borneol in pentylenetetrazole-induced kindling in mice. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Arch Pharmacol 389, 467–475 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-016-1220-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00210-016-1220-z

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