Degenerations and multiplicity-free formulas for products of $\psi$ and $\omega$ classes on $\overline{M}_{0,n}$

Abstract

In this paper, we consider products of $\psi$ and $\omega$ classes on $\overline{M}_{0,n+3}$. For each product, we construct a flat family of subschemes of $\overline{M}_{0,n+3}$ whose general fiber is a complete intersection representing the product, and whose special fiber is a generically reduced union of boundary strata. Our construction is built up inductively as a sequence of one-parameter degenerations, using an explicit parametrized collection of hyperplane sections. Combinatorially, our construction expresses each product as a positive, multiplicity-free sum of classes of boundary strata. These are given by a combinatorial algorithm on trees we call slide labeling. As a corollary, we obtain a positive combinatorial formula for the $\kappa$ classes in terms of boundary strata. For degree-n products of $\omega$ classes, the special fiber is a finite reduced union of (boundary) points, and its cardinality is one of the multidegrees of the corresponding embedding $\Omega _n:\overline{M}_{0,n+3}\rightarrow \mathbb {P}^1\times \cdots \times \mathbb {P}^n$. In the case of the product $\omega _1\cdots \omega _n$, these points exhibit a connection to permutation pattern avoidance. Finally, we show that in certain cases, a prior interpretation of the multidegrees via tournaments can also be obtained by degenerations.