Skip to main content
Log in

\(C_0\)-positivity and a classification of closed three-dimensional CR torsion solitons

  • Published:
Mathematische Zeitschrift Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 25 February 2020

This article has been updated

Abstract

A closed CR 3-manifold is said to have \(C_{0}\)-positive pseudohermitian curvature if \((W+C_{0}Tor)(X,X)>0\) for any \(0\ne X\in T_{1,0}(M)\). We discover an obstruction for a closed CR 3-manifold to possess \(C_{0}\) -positive pseudohermitian curvature. We classify closed three-dimensional CR Yamabe solitons according to \(C_{0}\)-positivity for \(C_{0}=1\) and the potential function lies in the kernel of Paneitz operator. Moreover, we show that any closed three-dimensional CR torsion soliton must be the standard Sasakian space form. At last, we discuss the persistence of \(C_{0}\)-positivity along the CR torsion flow starting from a pseudo-Einstein contact form.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

  • 25 February 2020

    In the original article, the equation 2.4 was incorrectly published.

References

  1. Cao, H.-D.: On Harnack’s inequalities for the Kä hler–Ricci flow. Invent. Math. 109, 247–263 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. Cao, J., Chang, S.-C.: Pseudo-Einstein and \(Q\) -flat metrics with eigenvalue estimates on CR-hypersurfaces. Indiana Univ. Math. J. 56, 2840–2857 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  3. Cao, H.-D., Yau, S.-T.: Gradient estimate, Harnack inequalities and estimates for heat kernel of the sum of squares of vector fields. Math. Zeit. 221, 485–504 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  4. Cao, H.-D., Sun, X., Zhang, Y.: On the structure of gradient Yamabe solitons. Math. Res. Lett. 19, 767–774 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  5. Cao, H.-D., Chang, S.-C., Chen, C.-W.: On three-dimensional CR Yamabe solitons. J. Geom. Anal. 28, 335–359 (2018)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  6. Catino, G., Mantegazza, C., Mazzieri, L.: On the global structure of conformal gradient solitons with nonnegative Ricci tensor. Commun. Contemp. Math. 14(6), 1250045 (2012). (12 pages)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  7. Chang, D.-C., Chang, S.-C., Lin, C.: On Li–Yau gradient estimate for sum of squares of vector fields up to higher step, to appear in Comm. Anal. Geom

  8. Chang, S.-C., Kuo, T.-J., Lin, C.: Pseudo-Einstein structure, eigenvalue estimate for the CR Paneitz operator and CR rigidity theorem, arXiv:1807.08898

  9. Chang, S.-C., Saotome, T.: The \(Q\)-curvature flow in a closed CR 3-manifold. In: Proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Differential Geometry and the 4th KNUGRG–OCAMI Differential Geometry Workshop [Volume 15], 57–69. Natl. Inst. Math. Sci. (NIMS), Taejŏn, (2011)

  10. Chang, S.-C., van Koert, O., Wu, C.-T.: The torsion flow on a closed pseudohermitian \(3\)-manifold, arXiv:1305.5391

  11. Chang, S.-C., Wu, C.-T.: Short-time existence theorem for the CR torsion flow, arXiv:1804.06585

  12. Chang, S.-C., Cheng, J.-H.: The Harnack estimate for the Yamabe flow on CR manifolds of dimension \(3\). Ann. Glob. Anal. Geom. 21, 111–121 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  13. Chang, S.-C., Chiu, H.-L.: On the CR analogue of Obata’s theorem in a pseudohermitian \(3\)-Manifold. Math. Ann. 345, 33–51 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  14. Chang, S.-C., Cheng, J.-H., Chiu, H.-L.: A fourth order curvature flow on a CR \(3\)-manifold. Indiana Univ. Math. J 56, 1793–1825 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Chang, S.-C., Kuo, T.-J., Lai, S.-H.: Li–Yau gradient estimate and entropy formulae for the CR heat equation in a closed pseudohermitian 3-manifold. J. Diff. Geom. 89, 185–216 (2011)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  16. Chang, S.-C., Fan, Y.-W., Tie, J., Wu, C.-T.: Matrix Li–Yau–Hamilton inequality for the CR heat equation in pseudohermitian \((2n+1)\)-manifolds. Math. Ann. 360, 267–306 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  17. Chen, B.-L.: Strong uniqueness of the Ricci flow. J. Diff. Geom. 82, 363–382 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Chen, X.X., Tian, G.: Ricci flow on Kahler–Einstein surfaces. Invent. Math. 147, 487–544 (2002)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  19. Chen, X.X., Tian, G.: Ricci flow on Kahler–Einstein manifolds. Duke Math. J. 131, 17–73 (2006)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  20. Cheng, J.-H., Lee, J.M.: The Burns–Epstein invariant and deformation of the CR structures. Duke Math. J. 60, 221–254 (1990)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  21. Chow, W.-L.: Über system von linearen partiellen differentialgleichungen erster orduung. Math. Ann. 117, 98–105 (1939)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  22. Chow, B.: The Yamabe flow on locally conformally flat manifolds with positive Ricci curvature. Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 45, 1003–1014 (1992)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  23. Chow, B., Lu, P., Ni, L.: Hamilton’s Ricci Flow. Grad. Stud. Math., vol. 77. Amer. Math. Soc., Providence (2006)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Dragomir, S., Tomassini, G.: Differential Geometry and Analysis on CR Manifolds, Progress in Mathematics. Birkhäuser, Basel (2006)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  25. Fefferman, C., Hirachi, K.: Ambient metric construction of \(Q\)-curvature in conformal and CR geometries. Math. Res. Lett. 10, 819–831 (2003)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  26. Graham, C.R., Lee, J.M.: Smooth solutions of degenerate Laplacians on strictly pseudoconvex domains. Duke Math. J. 57, 697–720 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  27. Gray, J.W.: Some global properties of contact structures. Ann. Math. 69, 421–450 (1959)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  28. Hirachi, K.: Scalar Pseudo-Hermitian Invariants and the Szegö kernel on \(3\)-Dimensional CR Manifolds, Lecture Notes in Pure and Appl. Math., vol. 143, pp. 67–76. Dekker, London (1992)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Ho, P.-T.: A note on compact CR Yamabe solitons. J. Geom. Phys. 94, 32–34 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  30. Hsu, S.-Y.: A note on compact gradient Yamabe solitons. J. Math. Anal. Appli. 388, 725–726 (2012)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  31. Kamishima, Y., Tsuboi, T.: CR-structures on Seifert manifolds. Invent. Math. 104, 149–163 (1991)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  32. Lee, J.M.: The Fefferman metric and pseudohermitian invariants. Trans. Amer. Math. Soc. 296, 411–429 (1986)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  33. Lee, J.M.: Pseudo-Einstein structure on CR manifolds. Amer. J. Math. 110, 157–178 (1988)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  34. Perelman, G.: The entropy formula for the Ricci flow and its geometric applications, arXiv:Math.DG/0211159

  35. Perelman, G.: The Ricci flow with surgery on three-manifolds, arXiv:Math.DG/0303109

  36. Tanno, S.: Sasakian manifolds with constant \(\phi \) -holomorphic sectional curvature. Tôhoko Math. J. 21, 501–507 (1969)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

Part of the project was done during the visit of the second author to Yau Mathematical Sciences Center, Tsinghua University. He would like to express his thanks for the warm hospitality.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Chih-Wei Chen.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Huai-Dong Cao: Research supported in part by a grant from the Simons Foundation (#586694 HC).

Shu-Cheng Chang and Chih-Wei Chen: Research supported in part by the MOST of Taiwan.

The original version of this article was revised: The equation 2.4 has been corrected in the original article.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Cao, HD., Chang, SC. & Chen, CW. \(C_0\)-positivity and a classification of closed three-dimensional CR torsion solitons. Math. Z. 296, 1065–1080 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-020-02471-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-020-02471-2

Keywords

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation