Abstract
Given a negatively curved geodesic metric space M, we study the asymptotic penetration behaviour of geodesic lines of M in small neighbourhoods of closed geodesics and of other compact convex subsets of M. We define a spiraling spectrum which gives precise information on the asymptotic spiraling lengths of geodesic lines around these objects. We prove analogs of the theorems of Dirichlet, Hall and Cusick in this context. As a consequence, we obtain Diophantine approximation results of elements of \({\mathbb{R},\mathbb{C}}\) or the Heisenberg group by quadratic irrational ones.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beardon A.F.: The geometry of discrete groups. Grad. Texts Math., vol. 91. Springer, Berlin (1983)
Beresnevich, V., Velani, S.: Ubiquity and a general logarithm law for geodesics. In: Drutu, C., Dal’Bo, F., Bugeaud, Y. (eds.) Dynamical systems and Diophantine approximation (Institut Henri Poincaré, 7–9 June 2004), Séminaires et Congrès, vol. 20, Soc. Math. France; see also [arXiv:0707.1225] (to appear)
Bianchi L.: Sui gruppi di sostituzioni lineari con coefficienti appartenenti a corpi quadratici immaginari. Math. Ann. 40, 332–412 (1892)
Borel A.: Linear algebraic groups. In: Borel, A., Mostow, G.D. (eds) Algebraic Groups and Discontinuous Subgroups (Proc. Sympos. Pure Math., Boulder, 1965), pp. 3–19. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1996)
Borel A.: Harish-Chandra: Arithmetic subgroups of algebraic groups. Ann. Math. 75, 485–535 (1962)
Bourbaki N.: Topologie générale, chap. 1 à 4. Hermann, Paris (1971)
Bourdon M.: Structure conforme au bord et flot géodésique d’un CAT(−1) espace. L’Ens. Math. 41, 63–102 (1995)
Bourdon M.: Sur le birapport au bord des CAT(−1)-espaces. Publ. Math. IHES 83, 95–104 (1996)
Bowditch B.: Geometrical finiteness with variable negative curvature. Duke Math. J. 77, 229–274 (1995)
Bridson M.R., Haefliger A.: Metric spaces with non-positive curvature. Grund. math. Wiss., vol. 319. Springer, Berlin (1998)
Bugeaud Y.: Approximation by algebraic numbers. Cambridge Tracts Math., vol. 160. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (2004)
Burger E.: A tail of two palindromes. Am. Math. Month. 112, 311–321 (2005)
Buser, P., Karcher, H.: Gromov’s almost flat manifolds, Astérisque, vol. 81. Société Mathématique de France, Paris (1981)
Cohn H.: Representation of Markoff’s binary quadratic forms by geodesics on a perforated torus. Acta Arith. 18, 125–136 (1971)
Corlette K., Iozzi A.: Limit sets of discrete groups of isometries of exotic hyperbolic spaces. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 351, 1507–1530 (1999)
Cusick, T., Flahive, M.: The Markoff and Lagrange spectra. Math. Surv. Mono., vol. 30. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1989)
Dal’Bo, F.: Trajectoires géodésiques et horocycliques. Collection “Savoirs Actuels” EDPS–CNRS (2007)
Davenport, H., Schmidt, W.M.: Approximation to real numbers by quadratic irrationals. Acta Arith. 13, 169–176 (1967/1968)
Dodson M.M., Meliàn M.V., Pestana D., Velani S.L.: Patterson measure and ubiquity. Ann. Acad. Sci. Fenn. 20, 37–60 (1995)
Elstrodt J., Grunewald F., Mennicke J.: Groups acting on hyperbolic space: harmonic analysis and number theory. Springer Mono. Math. Springer, Berlin (1998)
Falbel E., Parker J.: The geometry of the Eisenstein–Picard modular group. Duke Math. J. 131, 249–289 (2006)
Fenchel W.: Elementary geometry in hyperbolic space. Walter de Gruyter & Co, New York (1989)
Ford L.: Rational approximations to irrational complex numbers. Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 99, 1–42 (1918)
Goldman W.M.: Complex hyperbolic geometry. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1999)
Haas A.: Diophantine approximation on hyperbolic Riemann surfaces. Acta Math. 156, 33–82 (1986)
Hatcher A.: Hyperbolic structures of arithmetic type on some link complements. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 27, 345–355 (1983)
Hersonsky S., Paulin F.: On the rigidity of discrete isometry groups of negatively curved spaces. Comm. Math. Helv. 72, 349–388 (1997)
Hersonsky S., Paulin F.: Diophantine approximation for negatively curved manifolds. Math. Zeit. 241, 181–226 (2002)
Hersonsky S., Paulin F.: Diophantine Approximation on Negatively Curved Manifolds and in the Heisenberg Group. In: Burger, M., Iozzi, A. (eds) Rigidity in Dynamics and Geometry (Cambridge, 2000), pp. 203–226. Springer, Berlin (2002)
Hersonsky S., Paulin F.: Counting orbit points in coverings of negatively curved manifolds and Hausdorff dimension of cusp excursions. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 24, 1–22 (2004)
Hersonsky, S., Paulin, F.: On the almost sure spiraling of geodesics in negatively curved manifolds. J. Differ. Geom. see also [arXiv:0708.3389] (to appear)
Hild T.: The cusped hyperbolic orbifolds of minimal volume in dimensions less than ten. J. Algebra 313, 208–222 (2007)
Johnson N., Weiss A.: Quaternionic modular groups. Linear Algebra Appl. 295, 159–189 (1999)
Khinchin A.: Continued Fractions. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1964)
Long Y.: Criterion for SL(2,Z)-matrix to be conjugate to its inverse. Chin. Ann. Math. Ser. B 23, 455–460 (2002)
Matsuzaki K., Taniguchi M.: Hyperbolic Manifolds and Kleinian Groups. Oxford University Press, Oxford (1998)
Maucourant F.: Sur les spectres de Lagrange et de Markoff des corps imaginaires quadratiques. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 23, 193–205 (2003)
Otal J.-P.: Sur la géométrie symplectique de l’espace des géodésiques d’une variété à courbure négative. Rev. Mat. Ibero. 8, 441–456 (1992)
Parkkonen J., Paulin F.: Sur les rayons de Hall en approximation diophantienne. Comptes Rendus Math. 344, 611–614 (2007)
Parkkonen J., Paulin F.: On the closedness of approximation spectra. J. Th. Nb. Bordeaux 21, 701–710 (2009)
Parkkonen J., Paulin F.: Prescribing the behaviour of geodesics in negative curvature. Geom. Topol. 14, 277–392 (2010)
Parkkonen, J., Paulin, F.: Équidistribution, comptage et approximation par irrationnels quadratiques. Preprint Univ. Jyväskylä, March 2010
Patterson S.J.: Diophantine approximation in Fuchsian groups. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. Ser. A 282, 527–563 (1976)
Polterovich L., Rudnick Z.: Stable mixing for cat maps and quasi-morphisms of the modular group. Ergod. Theory Dyn. Syst. 24, 609–619 (2004)
Sarnak, P.: Reciprocal geodesics. In: Analytic number theory, pp. 217–237. Clay Math. Proc., vol. 7. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2007)
Schmutz Schaller P.: The modular torus has maximal length spectrum. GAFA 6, 1057–1073 (1996)
Series C.: The modular surface and continued fractions. J. Lond. Math. Soc. 31, 69–80 (1985)
Sprindžuk, V.: Mahler’s problem in metric number theory. Trans. Math. Mono., vol. 25. American Mathematical Society, Providence (1969)
Sullivan D.: Disjoint spheres, approximation by imaginary quadratic numbers, and the logarithm law for geodesics. Acta Math. 149, 215–237 (1982)
Swan R.: Generators and relations for certain special linear groups. Adv. Math. 6, 1–77 (1971)
Vinberg E., Shvartsman O.: Discrete groups of motions of spaces of constant curvature. In: Vinberg, E. (eds) Geometry II: Spaces of constant curvature. Encycl. Math. Scien., vol. 29, pp. 139–248. Springer, Berlin (1993)
Vulakh L.: Diophantine approximation on Bianchi groups. J. Number Theory 54, 73–80 (1995)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
An erratum to this article is available at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00209-013-1239-5.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Parkkonen, J., Paulin, F. Spiraling spectra of geodesic lines in negatively curved manifolds. Math. Z. 268, 101–142 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-010-0662-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00209-010-0662-0
Keywords
- Geodesic flow
- Negative curvature
- Spiraling
- Dirichlet theorem
- Hall ray
- Diophantine approximation
- Quadratic irrational