Skip to main content
Log in

Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities for differential forms in Heisenberg groups

  • Published:
Mathematische Annalen Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The \(L^1\)-Sobolev inequality states that for compactly supported functions u on the Euclidean n-space, the \(L^{n/(n-1)}\)-norm of a compactly supported function is controlled by the \(L^1\)-norm of its gradient. The generalization to differential forms (due to Lanzani and Stein and Bourgain and Brezis) is recent, and states that a the \(L^{n/(n-1)}\)-norm of a compactly supported differential h-form is controlled by the \(L^1\)-norm of its exterior differential du and its exterior codifferential \(\delta u\) (in special cases the \(L^1\)-norm must be replaced by the \(\mathcal H^1\)-Hardy norm). We shall extend this result to Heisenberg groups in the framework of an appropriate complex of differential forms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Abraham, R., Marsden, J.E., Ratiu, T.: Manifolds, tensor analysis, and applications, applied mathematical sciences, vol. 75, 2nd edn. Springer-Verlag, New York (1988)

  2. Abraham, R., Marsden, J.E.: Foundations of mechanics, 2nd edn. Benjamin/Cummings Publishing Co., Inc., Advanced Book Program, Reading, Mass. Revised and enlarged, with the assistance of Tudor Raţiu and Richard Cushman (1978)

  3. Baldi, A., Barnabei, M., Franchi, B.: A recursive basis for primitive forms in symplectic spaces and applications to Heisenberg groups. Acta Math. Sin. (Engl. Ser.) (2015, To appear)

  4. Baldi, A., Franchi, B.: Sharp a priori estimates for div-curl systems in Heisenberg groups. J. Funct. Anal. 265(10), 2388–2419 (2013)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  5. Baldi, A., Franchi, B., Tchou, N., Tesi, M.C.: Compensated compactness for differential forms in Carnot groups and applications. Adv. Math. 223(5), 1555–1607 (2010)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  6. Baldi, A., Franchi, B., Tesi, M.C.: Hypoellipticity, fundamental solution and Liouville type theorem for matrix-valued differential operators in Carnot groups. J. Eur. Math. Soc. 11(4), 777–798 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  7. Baldi, A., Franchi, B., Tripaldi, F.: Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities for horizontal vector fields in the Engel group and in the 7-dimensional quaternionic Heisenberg group. In: Geometric methods in PDE’s, vol. 13, Springer INdAM Ser., pp. 287–312. Springer (2015)

  8. Bonfiglioli, A., Lanconelli, E., Uguzzoni, F.: Stratified Lie groups and potential theory for their sub-Laplacians. Springer monographs in mathematics. Springer, Berlin (2007)

    MATH  Google Scholar 

  9. Bourbaki, N.: Éléments de mathématique. Groupes et algèbres de Lie. Chapitres 7 et 8. Actualités Sci. Ind. No. 1285. Hermann, Paris (1975)

  10. Bourgain, J., Brezis, H.: On the equation \({\rm div}\, Y=f\) and application to control of phases. J. Am. Math. Soc. 16(2), 393–426 (2003, electronic)

  11. Bourgain, J., Brezis, H.: New estimates for the Laplacian, the div-curl, and related Hodge systems. C. R. Math. Acad. Sci. Paris 338(7), 539–543 (2004)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  12. Bourgain, J., Brezis, H.: New estimates for elliptic equations and Hodge type systems. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 9(2), 277–315 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  13. Capogna, L., Danielli, D., Garofalo, N.: The geometric Sobolev embedding for vector fields and the isoperimetric inequality. Commun. Anal. Geom. 2(2), 203–215 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  14. Chanillo, S., Van Schaftingen, J.: Subelliptic Bourgain-Brezis estimates on groups. Math. Res. Lett. 16(3), 487–501 (2009)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  15. Dieudonné, J.: Éléments d’analyse. Tome III: Chapitres XVI et XVII. Cahiers Scientifiques, Fasc. XXXIII. Gauthier-Villars Éditeur, Paris (1970)

  16. Folland, G.B.: Subelliptic estimates and function spaces on nilpotent Lie groups. Ark. Mat. 13(2), 161–207 (1975)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  17. Folland, G.B., Stein, E.M.: Hardy spaces on homogeneous groups. Mathematical notes, vol. 28. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1982)

  18. Franchi, B., Gallot, S., Wheeden, R.L.: Sobolev and isoperimetric inequalities for degenerate metrics. Math. Ann. 300(4), 557–571 (1994)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  19. Franchi, B., Serapioni, R., Cassano, F.S.: Regular submanifolds, graphs and area formula in Heisenberg groups. Adv. Math. 211(1), 152–203 (2007)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  20. Franchi, B., Tesi, M.C.: Wave and Maxwell’s equations in Carnot groups. Commun. Contemp. Math. 14(5), 1250032 (2012)

  21. Gromov, M.: Carnot-Carathéodory spaces seen from within. In: Sub-Riemannian geometry, vol. 144, Progr. Math., pp. 79–323. Birkhäuser, Basel (1996)

  22. Helffer, B., Nourrigat, J.: Hypoellipticité maximale pour des opérateurs polynômes de champs de vecteurs. Progress in Mathematics, vol. 58. Birkhäuser Boston Inc., Boston (1985)

  23. Lanzani, L., Stein, E.M.: A note on div curl inequalities. Math. Res. Lett. 12(1), 57–61 (2005)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  24. Maheux, P., Saloff-Coste, L.: Analyse sur les boules d’un opérateur sous-elliptique. Math. Ann. 303(4), 713–740 (1995)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  25. Narasimhan, R.: Analysis on real and complex manifolds. Advanced Studies in pure mathematics, vol. 1. Masson & Cie, Éditeurs, Paris, North-Holland Publishing Co., Amsterdam (1968)

  26. Palais, R.S.: Seminar on the Atiyah-Singer index theorem. Atiyah, M.F., Borel, A., Floyd, E.E., Seeley, R.T., Shih, W., Solovay, R. (contributions by) Annals of Mathematics Studies, No. 57. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1965)

  27. Pansu, P.: Differential forms and connections adapted to a contact structure, after M. Rumin. In: Symplectic geometry, vol. 192, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Ser., pp. 183–195. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge (1993)

  28. Rumin, M.: Formes différentielles sur les variétés de contact. J. Differ. Geom. 39(2), 281–330 (1994)

    MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  29. Rumin, M.: Sub-Riemannian limit of the differential form spectrum of contact manifolds. Geom. Funct. Anal. 10(2), 407–452 (2000)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  30. Rumin, M.: An introduction to spectral and differential geometry in Carnot-Carathéodory spaces. Rend. Circ. Mat. Palermo (2) Suppl. 75, 139–196 (2005)

  31. Stein, E.M.: Singular integrals and differentiability properties of functions. Princeton Mathematical Series, No. 30. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1970)

  32. Stein, E.M.: Harmonic analysis: real-variable methods, orthogonality, and oscillatory integrals, vol. 43, Princeton Mathematical Series. Princeton University Press, Princeton (1993) (With the assistance of Timothy S. Murphy, Monographs in Harmonic Analysis, III)

  33. Van Schaftingen, J.: Estimates for \(L^1\) vector fields under higher-order differential conditions. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 10(4), 867–882 (2008)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  34. Varopoulos, N.Th., Saloff-Coste, L., Coulhon, T.: Analysis and geometry on groups, vol. 100, Cambridge Tracts in Mathematics. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1992)

  35. Wang, Y., Yung, P.-L.: A subelliptic Bourgain-Brezis inequality. J. Eur. Math. Soc. (JEMS) 16(4), 649–693 (2014)

    Article  MathSciNet  MATH  Google Scholar 

  36. Weil, A.: Introduction à l’étude des variétés kählériennes. Publications de l’Institut de Mathématique de l’Université de Nancago, VI. Actualités Sci. Ind. no. 1267. Hermann, Paris (1958)

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Annalisa Baldi.

Additional information

A.B. and B.F. are supported by University of Bologna, funds for selected research topics, by GNAMPA of INdAM, Italy and by MAnET Marie Curie Initial Training Network. P.P. is supported by Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR-10-BLAN 0116.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Baldi, A., Franchi, B. & Pansu, P. Gagliardo-Nirenberg inequalities for differential forms in Heisenberg groups. Math. Ann. 365, 1633–1667 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-015-1337-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00208-015-1337-2

Mathematics Subject Classification

Navigation