Abstract
We investigate the doubling inequality and nodal sets for the solutions of bi-Laplace equations. A polynomial upper bound for the nodal sets of solutions and their gradient is obtained based on the recent development of nodal sets for Laplace eigenfunctions by Logunov. In addition, we derive an implicit upper bound for the nodal sets of solutions. We show two types of doubling inequalities for the solutions of bi-Laplace equations. As a consequence, the rate of vanishing is given for the solutions.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aronszajn, N., Krzywicki, A., Szarski, J.: A unique continuation theorem for exterior differential forms on Riemannian manifolds. Ark. Mat. 4, 417–453 (1962)
Alessandrini, G., Morassi, A., Rosset, E., Vessella, S.: On doubling inequalities for elliptic systems. J. Math. Anal. App. 357(2), 349–355 (2009)
Alessandrini, G., Rondi, L., Rosset, E., Vessella, S.: The stability for the Cauchy problem for elliptic equations. Inverse Probl. 25(12), 123004 (2009)
Bakri, L.: Carleman estimates for the Schrödinger Operator. Application to quantitative uniqueness. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 38, 69–91 2013)
Brüning, J.: Über Knoten von Eigenfunktionen des Laplace-Beltrami-Operators. Math. Z. 158, 15–21 (1978)
Bourgain, J., Kenig, C.: On localization in the continuous Anderson-Bernoulli model in higher dimension. Invent. Math. 161(2), 389–426 (2005)
Bellová, K., Lin, F.-H.: Nodal sets of Steklov eigenfunctions. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 54(2), 2239–2268 (2015)
Colding, T.H., Minicozzi II, W.P.: Lower bounds for nodal sets of eigenfunctions. Commun. Math. Phys. 306, 777–784 (2011)
Dong, R.-T.: Nodal sets of eigenfunctions on Riemann surfaces. J. Differ. Geom. 36, 493–506 (1992)
Donnelly, H., Fefferman, C.: Nodal sets of eigenfunctions on Riemannian manifolds. Invent. Math. 93(1), 161–183 (1988)
Donnelly, H., Fefferman, C.: Nodal sets for eigenfunctions of the Laplacian on surfaces. J. Am. Math. Soc. 3(2), 333–353 (1990)
Escauriaza, L., Vessella, S.: Optimal Three Cylinder Inequalities for Solutions to Parabolic Equations with Lipschitz Leading Coefficients. Inverse Problems: Theory and Applications (Cortona/Pisa, 2002), Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 333, pp. 79–87. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2003)
Federer, H.: Geometric Measure Theory. Spring, New York (1969)
Garofalo, N., Lin, F.-H.: Monotonicity properties of variational integrals, \(A_p\) weights and unique continuation. Indiana Univ. Math. 35, 245–268 (1986)
Garofalo, N., Lin, F.-H.: Unique continuation for elliptic operators: a geometric-variational approach. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 40, 347–366 (1987)
Georgiev, B., Roy-Fortin, G.: Polynomial upper bound on interior Steklov nodal sets. arXiv:1704.04484
Han, Q.: Schauder estimates for elliptic operators with applications to nodal sets. J. Geom. Anal. 10, 455–480 (2000)
Hörmander, L.: Uniqueness theorems for second order elliptic differential equations. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 8, 21–64 (1983)
Hörmander, L.: The Analysis of Linear Partial Differential Operators, vol. 3. Springer, Berlin (1985)
Han, Q., Hardt, R., Lin, F.-H.: Geometric measure of singular sets of elliptic equations. Commun. Pure Appl. Math. 51, 1425–1443 (1998)
Han, Q., Hardt, R., Lin, F.-H.: Singular sets of higher order elliptic equations. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 28(11–12), 2045–2063 (2003)
Han, Q., Lin, F.-H.: Nodal Sets of Solutions of Elliptic Differential Equations. Book in preparation (online at http://www.nd.edu/qhan/nodal.pdf)
Han, Q., Lin, F.-H.: On the geometric measure of nodal sets of solutions. J. Part. Differ. Equ. 7, 111–131 (1994)
Han, Q., Lin, F.-H.: Rank zero and rank one sets of harmonic maps. Cathleen Morawetz: a great mathematician. Methods Appl. Anal. 7(2), 417–442 (2000)
Hardt, R., Simon, L.: Nodal sets for solutions of ellipitc equations. J. Differ. Geom. 30, 505–522 (1989)
Hezari, H., Sogge, C.D.: A natural lower bound for the size of nodal sets. Anal. PDE 5(5), 1133–1137 (2012)
Jerison, D., Lebeau, G.: Nodal Sets of Sums of Eigenfunctins, Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations (Chicago, IL, 1996). Chicago Lectures in Mathematics, pp. 223–239. University of Chicago Press, Chicago (1999)
Kenig, C.: Some recent applications of unique continuation. In: Recent Developments in Nonlinear Partial Differential Equations. Volume 439 of Contemporary Mathematics, pp. 25–56. American Mathematical Society, Providence (2007)
Kukavica, I.: Nodal volumes of eigenfuncgtions of analytic regular elliptic problem. J. d'Anal. Math. 67(1), 269–280 (1995)
Kenig, C., Silvestre, L., Wang, J.-N.: On Landis' conjecture in the plane. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 40, 766–789 (2015)
Lin, F.-H.: Nodal sets of solutions of elliptic equations of elliptic and parabolic equations. Commun. Pure Appl Math. 44, 287–308 (1991)
Logunov, A.: Nodal sets of Laplace eigenfunctions: polynomial upper estimates of the Hausdorff measure. Ann. Math. 187, 221–239 (2018)
Logunov, A.: Nodal sets of Laplace eigenfunctions: proof of Nadirashvili's conjecture and of the lower bound in Yau's conjecture. Ann. Math. 187, 241–262 (2018)
Logunov, A., Malinnikova, E.: Nodal Sets of Laplace Eigenfunctions: Estimates of the Hausdorff Measure in Dimension Two and Three, 50 Years with Hardy Spaces. Operator Theory: Advances and Applications, vol. 261, pp. 333-344. Birkhuser/Springer, Cham (2018)
Lebeau, G., Robbiano, L.: Contrôle exacte de l'équation de la chaleur. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 20, 335–356 (1995)
Mangoubi, D.: A remark on recent lower bounds for nodal sets. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 36(12), 2208–2212 (2011)
Meshkov, V.Z.: On the possible rate of decay at infinity of solutions of second order partial differential equations. Math. USSR SB 72, 343–361 (1992)
Steinerberger, S.: Lower bounds on nodal sets of eigenfunctions via the heat flow. Commun. Partial Differ. Equ. 39(12), 2240–2261 (2014)
Sogge, C.D., Zelditch, S.: Lower bounds on the Hausdorff measure of nodal sets. Math. Res. Lett. 18, 25–37 (2011)
Yau, S.T.: Problem Section, Seminar on Differential Geometry. Annals of Mathematical Studies, Princeton 102, 669–706 (1982)
Yomdin, Y.: the set of zeros of an almost polynomial functions. Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 90, 538–542 (1984)
Zhu, J.: Quantitative unique continuation of solutions to higher order elliptic equations with singular coefficients. Calc. Var. Partial Differ. Equ. 57(2), Art. 58, 35
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Communicated by F. Lin
Zhu is supported in part by NSF grant DMS-1656845 and OIA-1832961
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zhu, J. Doubling Inequality and Nodal Sets for Solutions of Bi-Laplace Equations. Arch Rational Mech Anal 232, 1543–1595 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-018-01349-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00205-018-01349-2