Table 4 Human effects of soy foods and soy isoflavones
From: Human-relevant potency threshold (HRPT) for ERα agonism
| Estrogen-related endpoint | Dose/subjects | Result | Receptor involvement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Messina (2014) | |||
| Bone mineral density | 24,403 PM Asian women/>10 g/day soy protein | No effect | ERα, ERB |
| Hip fracture risk reduction | 28–37% | ERα, ERβ; Calcium | |
| Hip fracture risk reduction | 35,241 PM Asian women/>10 g/day soy protein | 21–36% | ERα, ERβ; calcium |
| Hip fracture risk reduction | 307 PM women | 56% | ERα, ERβ; calcium |
| Reduced hot flashes | 60 clinical trials/various products | Mixed | ERα, ERβ |
| Reduced hot flashes | > 50 mg/day total isoflavones for > 12 weeks | ~ 50% | ERα, ERβ |
| Reduced hot flashes | > 19 mg/day genistein dose threshold | 29% | ERα, ERβ |
| Reduced hot flashes | < 19 mg/day genistein dose threshold | 12% | ERα, ERβ |
| EFSA (2015) | |||
| Breast tissue morphology | No adverse effects | ERα, ERβ | |
| Breast tissue; disease progression | 2216 women: 4 epidemiology studies of high isoflavone intake 816 women: intervention trials of soy food supplements | No adverse effects | ERα, ERβ |
| Uterine endometrial thickness | No change | ERα, ERβ | |