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Absorption and metabolism of the food contaminant 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and its fatty acid esters by human intestinal Caco-2 cells

Archives of Toxicology volume 85, pages 1201–1208 (2011)Cite this article

Abstract

3-Chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) fatty acid esters are formed upon thermal processing of fat-containing foods in the presence of chloride ions. Upon hydrolytic cleavage, these substances could release free 3-MCPD. This compound is toxicologically well characterised and displayed cancerogenic potential in rodent models. Recently, serious contaminations of different food products with 3-MCPD fatty acid esters have been reported. In regard to a risk assessment, the key question is to which degree these 3-MCPD fatty acid esters are hydrolysed in the human gut. Therefore, the aim of the present project was to examine the hydrolysis of 3-MCPD fatty acid esters and the resulting release of free 3-MCPD by using differentiated Caco-2 cells, a cellular in vitro model for the human intestinal barrier. Here, we show that 3-MCPD fatty acid esters at a concentration of 100 μM were neither absorbed by the cells nor the esters were transported via a Caco-2 monolayer. 3-MCPD-1-monoesters were hydrolysed in the presence of Caco-2 cells. In contrast, a 3-MCPD-1,2-diester used in this study was obviously absorbed and metabolised by the cells. Free 3-MCPD was not absorbed by the cells, but the substance migrated through a Caco-2 monolayer by paracellular diffusion. From these in vitro studies, we conclude that 3-MCPD-1-monoesters are likely to be hydrolysed in the human intestine, thereby increasing the burden with free 3-MCPD. In contrast, intestinal cells seem to have the capacity to metabolise 3-MCPD diesters, thereby detoxifying the 3-MCPD moiety.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Linda Brandenburger, Albrecht Maier and Dieter Köhl for technical assistance.

Conflict of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Food Safety, Federal Institute For Risk Assessment, Thielallee 88-92, 14195, Berlin, Germany

    Thorsten Buhrke & Alfonso Lampen

  2. CVUA Stuttgart, Schaflandstraße 3/2, 70736, Fellbach, Germany

    Rüdiger Weißhaar

Authors
  1. Thorsten Buhrke
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  2. Rüdiger Weißhaar
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  3. Alfonso Lampen
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Correspondence to Thorsten Buhrke.

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Buhrke, T., Weißhaar, R. & Lampen, A. Absorption and metabolism of the food contaminant 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol (3-MCPD) and its fatty acid esters by human intestinal Caco-2 cells. Arch Toxicol 85, 1201–1208 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0657-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00204-011-0657-6

Keywords

  • 3-MCPD
  • 3-MCPD fatty acid ester
  • Food contaminant
  • Risk assessment
  • Caco-2