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Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infected cervical biopsies samples by immunohistochemical expression of the p16 tumor marker

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Abstract

Cervical cancer is the fourth most common type of cancer in women worldwide. It is widely accepted that the main cause of cervical cancer, especially in underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, is the infection caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The current screening and diagnostic methods face several challenges in accurately detecting the various types of lesions caused by HPV. Therefore, the present study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of p16 immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis as a diagnostic method in samples of cervical biopsies. One hundred cervical biopsy samples were obtained from female patients across various age groups (> 20– ≤ 30, > 31– ≤ 40, > 41– ≤ 50, > 51– ≤ 60 years). These samples were subsequently prepared for subsequent examination. All samples were analyzed using automated tissue processing followed by Hematoxylin and Eosin (H & E) staining, and p16 IHC tumour marker staining. The H & E slides showed changes in normal cervical tissues, while four cervical abnormalities were identified statistically significant using p16 marker including chronic cervicitis, nabothian cyst formation, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, and cervical cancers (P value 0.014). Furthermore, among females of different age groups (> 31– ≤ 40, > 41– ≤ 50, > 51– ≤ 60 years) were found statistically significant suffering from cervical cancer (P value 0.04), HPV with cervical cancer (P value 0.01), HPV with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (P value 0.01). Based on the available data, it can be inferred that the incorporation of the p16 tumor marker may be a valuable method for detecting high-risk HPV in cervical biopsies samples.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the Institute of Microbiology, Government College University, Faisalabad for providing the entire basic logistics for this study. We also thank the Department of Pathology Ittifaq Hospital, Lahore and Aznostics Diagnostic Center Shadman, Lahore for facilitating sample collection.

Funding

This work is funded by the Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP2023R189), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors are grateful for this support.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan

    Muhammad Shafique, Iqra Shoaib, Bilal Aslam, Rabia Khalid, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool & Muhammad Usman Qamar

  2. Aznostics Diagnostic Centre, Jail Road, Lahore, Pakistan

    Imrana Tanvir

  3. College of Agriculture Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, 255049, China

    Tawaf Ali Shah

  4. Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. BOX 2455, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Khalid S. Almaary

  5. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ibn Zohr University, 70000, Laayoune, Morocco

    Mohammed Bourhia

  6. Division of Infectious Diseases, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland

    Muhammad Usman Qamar

  7. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland

    Muhammad Usman Qamar

Authors
  1. Muhammad Shafique
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  2. Iqra Shoaib
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  3. Bilal Aslam
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  4. Rabia Khalid
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  5. Imrana Tanvir
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  6. Muhammad Hidayat Rasool
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  7. Tawaf Ali Shah
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  8. Khalid S. Almaary
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  9. Mohammed Bourhia
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Contributions

Conceptualization, writing the original draft, formal analysis, investigations: MS, IS, BA, RK, IT. Formal analysis, investigations, funding acquisition, resources, project administration, reviewing and editing. MHR, TAS, KS.A, MB, and MUQ. Reviewing and editing, data validation, and data curation.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohammed Bourhia or Muhammad Usman Qamar.

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Conflict of interest

The authors declare that there is no financial interest or other conflict of interest reported in this work among the authors.

Ethical approval

The ethical review committee of the Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan reviewed and approved this study. Importantly, informed consent was also obtained from patients included in the study and ethical guidelines were followed. The approval letter confirms that all necessary precautions were taken to ensure the protection of human subjects and adherence to ethical standards.

Additional information

Communicated by Ran Wang.

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Shafique, M., Shoaib, I., Aslam, B. et al. Detection of high-risk human papillomavirus infected cervical biopsies samples by immunohistochemical expression of the p16 tumor marker. Arch Microbiol 206, 17 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03736-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03736-0

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