Abstract
An obligately anaerobic bacterium XHS1971T, capable of degrading cellulose and xylan, was isolated from a sediment sample of Aravali hot spring, Ratnagiri, India. Cells of strain XHS1971T were Gram-stain-negative, spore-forming, motile, long-rods. Growth was observed at temperatures 30–50 °C (optimum 40–45 °C), pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum pH 8.0) and NaCl concentrations 0–0.5% (optimum 0%). Generation time of strain XHS1971T was 5 h under optimised growth conditions. Strain XHS1971T showed the ability to metabolise different complex and simple sugars constituting lignocellulosic biomass. Glucose was fermented majorly into hydrogen, formic acid, acetic acid, and ethanol, whereas carbon dioxide, butyric acid, lactic acid and succinic acid were produced in traces. 16S rRNA gene analysis of strain XHS1971T revealed < 94.5% homology with Cellulosilyticum lentocellum DSM5427T followed by Cellulosilyticum ruminicola JCM14822T, identifying strain as a distinct member of family Lachnospiraceae. The major cellular fatty acids (> 5%) were C14:0, C16:0, C18:0, and C16:1 ω7c. The genome size of the strain was 3.74 Mb with 35.3 mol% G + C content, and genes were annotated to carbohydrate metabolism, including genes involved in the degradation of cellulose and xylan and the production of hydrogen, ethanol and acetate. The uniqueness of strain was further validated by digital DNA-DNA hybridisation (dDDH), Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI), and Average Amino Acid Identity (AAI) values of 22%, 80%, and 63%, respectively, with nearest phylogenetic affiliates. Based on the detailed analyses, we propose a new genus and species, Sporanaerobium hydrogeniformans gen. nov., sp. nov., for strain XHS1971T (= MCC3498T = KCTC15729T = JCM32657T) within family Lachnospiraceae.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the Director of Agharkar Research Institute for providing the necessary infrastructure. The authors are grateful to Prof. Bernhard Schink and Dr Monali Rahalkar for their assistance with nomenclature. The authors also appreciate Dr Karthick Balasubramanian's help during the sample collection. Mr Akshay Joshi and Dr Vikram Lanjekar are acknowledged for their technical assistance.
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This research was financially supported by the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB), Department of Science and Technology (DST), Government of India, with project number YSS/2015/000718 awarded to SSD and Junior Research Fellowship to SSH.
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SSH: Investigation, formal analysis, writing—original draft, visualisation, data curation, writing—review and editing; GV: Formal analysis, software, writing—review and editing; PKD: Conceptualization, supervision, resources; SSD: Conceptualization, supervision, resources, funding acquisition, writing—review and editing.
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The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of XHS1971T is KX553978. Additionally, the accession number for the whole genome sequence of the strain XHS1971T is PEDL00000000 (assembly accession number: GCA_002735925). Contents Category: New Taxa (Lachnospiraceae).
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Hivarkar, S.S., Vasudevan, G., Dhakephalkar, P.K. et al. Description of Sporanaerobium hydrogeniformans gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligately anaerobic, hydrogen-producing bacterium isolated from Aravali hot spring in India. Arch Microbiol 205, 305 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03641-6
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03641-6