Abstract
Chronic inflammation and immune activation are a hallmark of HIV-1 infection. In this study, we assessed inflammation biomarkers in a cohort of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH) before and after long-term suppressive combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). A single-center prospective cohort study was conducted to assess inflammatory biomarkers in 86 cART-naive PLWH and after receiving suppressive cART and 50 uninfected controls. Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and soluble CD14 (sCD14) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). No significant difference was found in IL-6 levels between cART-naïve PLWH and controls (p = 0.753). In contrast, TNF-α level showed a significant difference between cART naïve-PLWH and controls (p = 0.019). Interestingly, IL-6 and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased in PLWH after cART (p < 0.0001). The sCD14 showed no significant difference between cART-naïve patients and controls (p = 0.839) and similar levels were observed in pre- and post-treatment (p = 0.719). Our results highlight the critical importance of early treatment to reduce inflammation and its consequences during HIV infection.
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Data supporting reported results that are not given here are available on reasonable request from the corresponding author. These data are not publicly available due to privacy requirements.
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Funding
This work was supported by Association de Lutte Contre le Sida (ALCS) (FASP2016). Author A.H has received research support from Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRST).
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SE contributed to the concepts and designed the study. Material preparation and data collection were performed by AH, AO, RB, SJ, SH, IA, MS, and LM. AO, RB, SH, IA, MS, and LM, and KMF contributed in the management of patients. SE and KMF were the principal investigators of the study and funding acquisition. SE and ML contributed in the interpretation of the data and supervision. AH drafted the manuscript. Review and editing was performed by SE and PP. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Medicine of Rabat (01/03/2018, Number 24/18).
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Communicated by Ran Wang.
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Haddaji, A., Ouladlahsen, A., Lkhider, M. et al. Impact of the first-line antiretroviral therapy on soluble markers of inflammation in cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in Moroccan patients: a prospective study. Arch Microbiol 205, 223 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03574-0
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00203-023-03574-0